// Copyright (C) 2016 The Qt Company Ltd. // SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR LGPL-3.0-only OR GPL-2.0-only OR GPL-3.0-only #include "qaudiosink.h" #include #include #include #include #include #include QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE /*! \class QAudioSink \brief The QAudioSink class provides an interface for sending audio data to an audio output device. \inmodule QtMultimedia \ingroup multimedia \ingroup multimedia_audio You can construct an audio output with the system's default audio output device. It is also possible to create QAudioSink with a specific QAudioDevice. When you create the audio output, you should also send in the QAudioFormat to be used for the playback (see the QAudioFormat class description for details). QAudioSink can be used in two different modes: \list \li Using a QIODevice from an application thread \li Using a callback-based interface from the audio thread \endlist \section1 QIODevice interface Starting to play an audio stream is simply a matter of calling start() with a QIODevice. QAudioSink will then fetch the data it needs from the io device. So playing back an audio file is as simple as: \snippet multimedia-snippets/audio.cpp Audio output class members \snippet multimedia-snippets/audio.cpp Audio output setup The file will start playing assuming that the audio system and output device support it. If you run out of luck, check what's up with the error() function. After the file has finished playing, we need to stop the device: \snippet multimedia-snippets/audio.cpp Audio output stop At any given time, the QAudioSink will be in one of four states: active, suspended, stopped, or idle. These states are described by the QtAudio::State enum. \section2 Threading model and buffering The QIODevice interface is designed to be used from the application thread. A wait-free ringbuffer is used to communicate to the audio thread. The size of this ringbuffer can be configured with setBufferSize() and defaults to 250ms. The state of this buffer can be queried with bytesFree(). If the ringbuffer runs out of data, the audio thread will send silence to the audio device and the state will change to QtAudio::IdleState and resume to QtAudio::ActiveState when more data is available from the QIODevice. \section1 Callback interface The preferred way to achieve low audio latency is to use the callback-based interface. It allows you to write audio data directly to the audio device without having to go through a QIODevice. This is done by calling start() with a callback function that will be called from the audio thread. This callback function will be called with a QSpan whenever the audio backend requires data. \snippet multimedia-snippets/audio.cpp Audio callback output class members \snippet multimedia-snippets/audio.cpp Audio callback output setup sine Unlike the QIODevice-based interface, the QAudioSink can only be in the states active, suspendend and stopped. The setBufferSize() API is not available when using the callback, the size of the callback argument is determined by the audio backend. \qtmmaudiocallbacksupportednote \qtmmaudiocallbacknote \section1 State and error handling State changes are reported through the stateChanged() signal. You can use this signal to, for instance, update the GUI of the application; the mundane example here being changing the state of a \c { play/pause } button. You request a state change directly with suspend(), stop(), reset(), resume(), and start(). The QAudioSink will enter the \l{QtAudio::}{StoppedState} when an error is encountered. The \l{QtAudio::Error}{error type} can be retrieved with the error() function. Please see the QtAudio::Error enum for a description of the possible errors that are reported. Calling stop() or reset() will reset the error state to \l{QtAudio::Error}{NoError}. You can check for errors by connecting to the stateChanged() signal: \snippet multimedia-snippets/audio.cpp Audio output state changed \sa QAudioSource, QAudioDevice */ /*! Construct a new audio output and attach it to \a parent. The default audio output device is used with the output \a format parameters. If \a format is default-initialized, the format will be set to the preferred format of the audio device. */ QAudioSink::QAudioSink(const QAudioFormat &format, QObject *parent) : QAudioSink({}, format, parent) { } /*! Construct a new audio output and attach it to \a parent. The device referenced by \a audioDevice is used with the output \a format parameters. If \a format is default-initialized, the format will be set to the preferred format of \a audioDevice. */ QAudioSink::QAudioSink(const QAudioDevice &audioDevice, const QAudioFormat &format, QObject *parent): QObject(parent) { d = QPlatformMediaIntegration::instance()->audioDevices()->audioOutputDevice(format, audioDevice, this); if (d) connect(d, &QPlatformAudioSink::stateChanged, this, &QAudioSink::stateChanged); else qWarning("No audio device detected"); } /*! \fn bool QAudioSink::isNull() const Returns \c true is the QAudioSink instance is \c null, otherwise returns \c false. */ /*! Destroys this audio output. This will release any system resources used and free any buffers. */ QAudioSink::~QAudioSink() { delete d; } /*! Returns the QAudioFormat being used. */ QAudioFormat QAudioSink::format() const { return d ? d->format() : QAudioFormat(); } static bool validateFormatAtStart(QPlatformAudioSink *d) { if (!d->format().isValid()) { qWarning() << "QAudioSink::start: QAudioFormat not valid"; d->setError(QAudio::OpenError); return false; } if (!d->isFormatSupported(d->format())) { qWarning() << "QAudioSink::start: QAudioFormat not supported by QAudioDevice"; d->setError(QAudio::OpenError); return false; } return true; }; /*! Starts transferring audio data from the \a device to the system's audio output. The \a device must have been opened in the \l{QIODevice::ReadOnly}{ReadOnly} or \l{QIODevice::ReadWrite}{ReadWrite} modes. If the QAudioSink is able to successfully output audio data, state() returns QtAudio::ActiveState, error() returns QtAudio::NoError and the stateChanged() signal is emitted. If a problem occurs during this process, error() returns QtAudio::OpenError, state() returns QtAudio::StoppedState and the stateChanged() signal is emitted. \sa QIODevice, {QAudioSink#Callback interface}{QIODevice interface} */ void QAudioSink::start(QIODevice* device) { if (!d) return; d->setError(QAudio::NoError); if (!device->isReadable()) { qWarning() << "QAudioSink::start: QIODevice is not readable"; d->setError(QAudio::OpenError); return; } if (!validateFormatAtStart(d)) return; d->elapsedTime.start(); d->start(device); } /*! Returns a pointer to the internal QIODevice being used to transfer data to the system's audio output. The device will already be open and \l{QIODevice::write()}{write()} can write data directly to it. \note The pointer will become invalid after the stream is stopped or if you start another stream. If the QAudioSink is able to access the system's audio device, state() returns QtAudio::IdleState, error() returns QtAudio::NoError and the stateChanged() signal is emitted. If a problem occurs during this process, error() returns QtAudio::OpenError, state() returns QtAudio::StoppedState and the stateChanged() signal is emitted. \sa QIODevice, {QAudioSink#Callback interface}{QIODevice interface} */ QIODevice* QAudioSink::start() { if (!d) return nullptr; d->setError(QAudio::NoError); if (!validateFormatAtStart(d)) return nullptr; d->elapsedTime.start(); return d->start(); } /*! \fn template = true> void QAudioSink::start(Callback &&) Starts the QAudioSink with a callback function that will be called on a soft-realtime audio thread. The callback is a callable that takes a QSpan as an argument, SampleType has to match the QAudioFormat::SampleFormat of the QAudioSink's format. The span needs to be filled with interleaved audio data. If the QAudioSink is able to successfully start, error() returns QtAudio::NoError. If a problem occurs during this process, error() returns QtAudio::OpenError, state() returns QtAudio::StoppedState and the stateChanged() signal is emitted. \qtmmaudiocallbacksupportednote \qtmmaudiocallbacknote \sa {QAudioSink#Callback interface}{Callback interface} \since 6.11 */ template void QAudioSink::startImpl(T &&callback) { if (!d) return; if (!d->hasCallbackAPI()) { qWarning() << "QAudioSink::start: Callback API not supported on this platform"; d->setError(QAudio::OpenError); return; } using namespace QtMultimediaPrivate; if (!validateAudioCallback(callback, format())) { d->setError(QAudio::OpenError); return; } if (!validateFormatAtStart(d)) return; d->elapsedTime.start(); d->start(std::forward(callback)); } void QAudioSink::startABIImpl(QtAudioPrivate::AudioSinkCallback &&callback) { return QAudioSink::startImpl(QtMultimediaPrivate::asAudioSinkCallback(std::move(callback))); } /*! Stops the audio output, detaching from the system resource. Sets error() to QtAudio::NoError, state() to QtAudio::StoppedState and emit stateChanged() signal. \note On Linux, and Darwin, this operation synchronously drains the underlying audio buffer, which may cause delays accordingly to the buffer payload. To reset all the buffers immediately, use the method \l reset instead. \sa reset() */ void QAudioSink::stop() { if (d) d->stop(); } /*! Immediately halts audio output and discards any audio data currently in the buffers. All pending audio data pushed to QIODevice is ignored. \sa stop() */ void QAudioSink::reset() { if (d) d->reset(); } /*! Stops processing audio data, preserving buffered audio data. Sets error() to QtAudio::NoError, state() to QtAudio::SuspendedState and emits stateChanged() signal. */ void QAudioSink::suspend() { if (d) d->suspend(); } /*! Resumes processing audio data after a suspend(). Sets state() to the state the sink had when suspend() was called, and sets error() to QAudioError::NoError. This function does nothing if the audio sink's state is not QtAudio::SuspendedState. */ void QAudioSink::resume() { if (d) d->resume(); } /*! Returns the number of free bytes available in the audio buffer. \note The returned value is only valid while in QtAudio::ActiveState or QtAudio::IdleState state, otherwise returns zero. \sa framesFree */ qsizetype QAudioSink::bytesFree() const { return d ? d->bytesFree() : 0; } /*! Returns the number of free frames available in the audio buffer. \note The returned value is only valid while in QtAudio::ActiveState or QtAudio::IdleState state, otherwise returns zero. \sa bytesFree \since 6.10 */ qsizetype QAudioSink::framesFree() const { return d ? d->format().framesForBytes(bytesFree()) : 0; } /*! Sets the audio buffer size to \a value in bytes. \note This function can be called anytime before start(). Calls to this are ignored after start(). It should not be assumed that the buffer size set is the actual buffer size used - call bufferSize() anytime after start() to return the actual buffer size being used. \sa setBufferFrameCount */ void QAudioSink::setBufferSize(qsizetype value) { if (d) d->setBufferSize(value); } /*! Returns the audio buffer size in bytes. If called before \l start(), returns platform default value. If called before \c start() but \l setBufferSize() or \l setBufferFrameCount() was called prior, returns value set by \c setBufferSize() or \c setBufferFrameCount(). If called after \c start(), returns the actual buffer size being used. This may not be what was set previously by \c setBufferSize() or \c setBufferFrameCount(). \sa bufferFrameCount */ qsizetype QAudioSink::bufferSize() const { return d ? d->bufferSize() : 0; } /*! Sets the audio buffer size to \a value in frame count. \note This function can be called anytime before start(). Calls to this are ignored after start(). It should not be assumed that the buffer size set is the actual buffer size used - call bufferFrameCount() anytime after start() to return the actual buffer size being used. \sa setBufferSize \since 6.10 */ void QAudioSink::setBufferFrameCount(qsizetype value) { if (d) setBufferSize(d->format().bytesForFrames(value)); } /*! Returns the audio buffer size in frames. If called before \l start(), returns platform default value. If called before \c start() but \l setBufferSize() or \l setBufferFrameCount() was called prior, returns value set by \c setBufferSize() or \c setBufferFrameCount(). If called after \c start(), returns the actual buffer size being used. This may not be what was set previously by \c setBufferSize() or \c setBufferFrameCount(). \sa bufferSize \since 6.10 */ qsizetype QAudioSink::bufferFrameCount() const { return d ? d->format().framesForBytes(bufferSize()) : 0; } /*! Returns the amount of audio data processed since start() was called (in microseconds). */ qint64 QAudioSink::processedUSecs() const { return d ? d->processedUSecs() : 0; } /*! Returns the microseconds since start() was called, including time in Idle and Suspend states. */ qint64 QAudioSink::elapsedUSecs() const { return state() == QAudio::StoppedState ? 0 : d->elapsedTime.nsecsElapsed()/1000; } /*! Returns the error state. */ QtAudio::Error QAudioSink::error() const { return d ? d->error() : QAudio::OpenError; } /*! Returns the state of audio processing. */ QtAudio::State QAudioSink::state() const { return d ? d->state() : QAudio::StoppedState; } /*! Sets the output volume to \a volume. The volume is scaled linearly from \c 0.0 (silence) to \c 1.0 (full volume). Values outside this range will be clamped. The default volume is \c 1.0. \note Adjustments to the volume will change the volume of this audio stream, not the global volume. UI volume controls should usually be scaled non-linearly. For example, using a logarithmic scale will produce linear changes in perceived loudness, which is what a user would normally expect from a volume control. See QtAudio::convertVolume() for more details. */ void QAudioSink::setVolume(qreal volume) { if (!d) return; std::optional newVolume = QAudioHelperInternal::sanitizeVolume(volume, this->volume()); if (newVolume) d->setVolume(*newVolume); } /*! Returns the volume between 0.0 and 1.0 inclusive. */ qreal QAudioSink::volume() const { return d ? d->volume() : 1.0; } /*! \fn QAudioSink::stateChanged(QtAudio::State state) This signal is emitted when the device \a state has changed. This is the current state of the audio output. \note The QtAudio namespace was named QAudio up to and including Qt 6.6. String-based connections to this signal have to use \c{QAudio::State} as the parameter type: \c{connect(source, SIGNAL(stateChanged(QAudio::State)), ...);} */ QT_END_NAMESPACE #include "moc_qaudiosink.cpp"