S+ȯ†O↔hU¡ofLṁ½

Takes an array containing a single array. Try it online!

S+ȯ†O↔hUmfL¡ṁ½

Takes an array containing a single array. Try it online!

Explanation

S+ȯ†O↔hUmfL¡ṁ½  Implicit input, say A = [[4,17,32,1]].
           ¡    Iterate this function on A:
            ṁ½   Split each array in two, concatenate results: [[4,17],[32,1]]
                Result is [[[4,17,32,1]],
                           [[4,17],[32,1]],
                           [[4],[17],[32],[1]],
                           [[4],[],[17],[],[32],[],[1],[]],
                           ...
        mfL     Map filter by length, removing empty arrays.
                Result is [[[4,17,32,1]],
                           [[4,17],[32,1]],
                           [[4],[17],[32],[1]],
                           [[4],[17],[32],[1]],
                           ...
       U        Longest prefix of unique elements:
                       P = [[[4,17,32,1]],[[4,17],[32,1]],[[4],[17],[32],[1]]]
      h         Remove last element: [[[4,17,32,1]],[[4,17],[32,1]]]
     ↔          Reverse: [[[4,17],[32,1]],[[4,17,32,1]]]
   †O           Sort each inner array: [[[4,17],[1,32]],[[1,4,17,32]]]
S+ȯ             Concatenate to P:
                           [[[4,17,32,1]],
                            [[4,17],[32,1]],
                            [[4],[17],[32],[1]],
                            [[4,17],[1,32]],
                            [[1,4,17,32]]]
                Implicitly print.

The built-in ½ takes an array and splits it at the middle. If its length is odd, the first part is longer by one element. A singleton array [a] results in [[a],[]] and an empty array [] gives [[],[]], so it's necessary to remove the empty arrays before applying U.