#Regex, PCRE flavor, 83 bytes

^(?3)*\)*$(()((?(2)|\)*)(\((?1)*(\)|$)|0|"[^"]*.?|(1|(2|(3|4(?3))(?3))(?3))(?3))))?

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#Regex, PCRE flavor, 85 bytes

^((?(3)|\)*)(?>\((?2)*(()(?1))?(\)|$)|0|"[^"]*.?|(1|(2|(3|4(?1))(?1))(?1))(?1)))*\)*$

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Regex, PCRE flavor, 83 bytes

^(?3)*\)*$(()((?(2)|\)*)(\((?1)*(\)|$)|0|"[^"]*.?|(1|(2|(3|4(?3))(?3))(?3))(?3))))?

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Regex, PCRE flavor, 85 bytes

^((?(3)|\)*)(?>\((?2)*(()(?1))?(\)|$)|0|"[^"]*.?|(1|(2|(3|4(?1))(?1))(?1))(?1)))*\)*$

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#Regex, PCRE flavor, 83 bytes

^(?3)*\)*$(()((?(2)|\)*)(\((?1)*(\)|$)|0|"[^"]*.?|(1|(2|(3|4(?3))(?3))(?3))(?3))))?

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#Regex, PCRE flavor, 85 bytes

^((?(3)|\)*)(?>\((?2)*(()(?1))?(\)|$)|0|"[^"]*.?|(1|(2|(3|4(?1))(?1))(?1))(?1)))*\)*$

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#Regex, PCRE flavor, 83 bytes

^(?3)*\)*$(()((?(2)|\)*)(\((?1)*(\)|$)|0|"[^"]*.?|(1|(2|(3|4(?3))(?3))(?3))(?3))))?

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#Regex, PCRE flavor, 85 bytes

^((?(3)|\)*)(?>\((?2)*(()(?1))?(\)|$)|0|"[^"]*.?|(1|(2|(3|4(?1))(?1))(?1))(?1)))*\)*$

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#Regex, PCRE flavor, 85 bytes

^((?(3)|\)*)(?>\((?2)*(()(?1))?(\)|$)|0|"[^"]*.?|(1|(2|(3|4(?1))(?1))(?1))(?1)))*\)*$

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#Regex, PCRE flavor, 83 bytes

^(?3)*\)*$(()((?(2)|\)*)(\((?1)*(\)|$)|0|"[^"]*.?|(1|(2|(3|4(?3))(?3))(?3))(?3))))?

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#Regex, PCRE flavor, 85 bytes

^((?(3)|\)*)(?>\((?2)*(()(?1))?(\)|$)|0|"[^"]*.?|(1|(2|(3|4(?1))(?1))(?1))(?1)))*\)*$

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Used some ideas in this dan1111's answer.

Some explanations about (?2)*(()(?1))?.