What you are looking for is called a mesh simplification/decimation algorithm. There are several of them out there, you'd just have to implement the one you choose in C# if no C# implementation exists.
Here are a few that Google turned up:
- http://www.cgal.org/Manual/latest/doc_html/cgal_manual/Surface_mesh_simplification/Chapter_main.htmlTriangulated Surface Mesh Simplification
- http://www.cs.mtu.edu/~shene/COURSES/cs3621/SLIDES/Simplification.pdfMesh Simplification Computing with Geometry slides
- http://graphics.stanford.edu/courses/cs468-10-fall/LectureSlides/08_Simplification.pdfMesh Simplification Geometry Processing Algorithms slides
From a quick search, the only C# implementation that I found was part of Managed DirectX (predecessor to XNA), it had a SimplificationMesh class.