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The $line and $array has a value whilst the subhell is alive, so to speak.

The $line and $array has a value whilst the subshell is alive, so to speak.

Try this:

In this case:

• $array removed,
• $line removed.

Try this:

list=$'red apple\nyellow banana\npurple grape\norange orange\nyellow banana'
awk '!x[$0]++' <<< "$list" | while read -r line; do
    array[count++]=$line
    printf "array[%d] {\n" ${#array[@]}
    printf "       %s\n" "${array[@]}"
    printf "}\n"
done

printf "\n[ %s ]\n\n" "END OF SUBSHELL (PIPE)"

printf "array[%d] {\n" ${#array[@]}
printf "       %s\n" "${array[@]}"
printf "}\n"

list=$'red apple\nyellow banana\npurple grape\norange orange\nyellow banana'
awk '!x[$0]++' <<< "$list" | while read -r line; do
    array[count++]=$line
    printf "array[%d] { %s\n" ${#array[@]} # array[num_of_elements] {
    printf "       %s\n" "${array[@]}"     # elements
    printf "}\n"                           # } end of array

done

printf "\n[ %s ]\n\n" "END OF SUBSHELL (PIPE)"

printf "array[%d] {\n" ${#array[@]}
printf "       %s\n" "${array[@]}"
printf "}\n"