Linux Tutorial
Linux is one of the most widely used open-source operating systems. It's fast, secure, stable, and powers everything from smartphones and servers to cloud platforms and IoT devices. Linux is especially popular among developers, system administrators, and DevOps professionals.
- A Unix-like OS used in servers, cloud infrastructure, supercomputers, personal computers and embedded systems.
- Reliable and secure, making it ideal for web hosting, networking, and automation.
- Preferred in DevOps, where it's used for scripting, configuration, containerization (Docker), and CI/CD pipelines.
- Open-source and customizable, giving users full control over their systems and workflows.
Understanding Linux Basics
This section introduces what Linux is, how it works, and foundational concepts.
Linux Commands
Learn essential terminal commands used for navigation, file management, system monitoring, and basic operations.
Linux File System
Understand the structure, file types, paths, and navigation.
- Linux File System
- Linux File Hierarchy Structure
- Linux Directory Structure
- File System Navigation Commands
- Absolute and Relative Pathnames in UNIX
File Management in Linux
Detailed operations for working with files and directories.
- File Management
- Files Listing: ls
- Navigating Directories: cd
- Creating Files: touch
- Viewing Filess: cat
- Viewing Files with less
- Viewing Files with head
- Viewing Files with tail
- Copying Files: cp
- Moving/Renaming Files: mv
- Deleting Files: rm
File Permissions in Linux
- Permissions in Linux
- Changing Permissions: chmod
- Changing Ownership: chown
- Hard links in Unix/Linux
- Shell & User Information Commands: id
Package Management
Learn how software is installed, updated, and removed on different Linux distributions.
- Package Managers & systemctl
- apt-get Package Manager (Debian/Ubuntu)
- dpkg – Debian Package Manager
- apt-get Package Manager
- dnf Package Manager (Fedora/RHEL 8+)
- yum Package Manager (CentOS/RHEL)
- Installing RPM Packages
- Zypper Package Manager (openSUSE)
- Pacman Package Manager (Arch Linux)
- Linux Packages Concepts Explained
User and Group Management
Managing users and groups in Linux involves creating, modifying, and controlling user accounts, assigning permissions, and organizing users into groups for efficient access control and system security.
- User Management in Linux
- Group Management in Linux
- Checking Groups of a User
Adding Users: adduser- sudo command in Linux
- awk command
- id username
- passwd username
- changing user ID
- Change The Primary Group of a User
Linux Networking
Configuring IP addresses and managing network interfaces to setting up firewalls, monitoring traffic, and enabling communication between devices and servers:
- Network configuration and trouble shooting
ifconfig- ip
- ping
- netstat
- ss
- traceroute
- Configure network interfaces in CentOS
Linux Firewall
Shell Scripting
Shell scripting is writing a series of commands in a script file to automate repeatative tasks.
- Introduction to Linux Shell
- Introduction to Kernel
- Different Shells in Linux
- Difference between Shell and Kernel
- Introduction to Terminal
Creating and Running Shell Scripts
- Creating a Shell Script
- Defining the Shell Script Interpreter (
#!/bin/bash) - Comments in the Shell Script
- Storing and Displaying Messages in a Shell Script
- Storing the Output of Commands
- Exit Codes of Shell Commands
Variables in Shell Scripting
- Shell Scripting – Shell Variables
- Shell Scripting – Different Types of Variables
- Rules for Variable Definition
Bash Scripting
- Bash Scripting – Introduction to Bash and Bash Scripting
- Bash Script – Define Bash Variables and Its Types
- Working of Bash Scripting
- Run Bash Script In Linux
- Bash Scripting - Functions
- Difference between Shell (sh) and Bash
- Basic Operators in Shell Scripting
Advanced Topics in Shell Scripting
System Administration
System administration in Linux involves managing and maintaining Linux systems.
Monitoring and Troubleshooting
Linux Systemd and Boot Process
- Introduction to Systemd
- Introduction boot Process
- Controlling of Systemd Services on a Remote Linux Server
Advance Linux Concepts
- Overview of the Linux Kernel
- Understanding Linux Loadable Kernel Modules (LKMs)
- Virtualization with Docker Containers
Networking Services
Web Server Administration
Linux Cloud
- The Role of Linux in Cloud Computing and DevOps
- Linux commands in Devops
- Deploying and Managing Linux in the Cloud
Linux Interview Questions
Here are the top 70 most commonly asked Linux interview questions, covering essential topics like commands, shell scripting, system administration, networking, and troubleshooting:
