diff --git a/@types/animations/animate.d.ts b/@types/animations/animate.d.ts
index d67a2d3b2..c49f6f1e3 100644
--- a/@types/animations/animate.d.ts
+++ b/@types/animations/animate.d.ts
@@ -212,74 +212,12 @@ export class AnimateProvider {
          */
         enabled: any;
         /**
-       * Cancels the provided animation and applies the end state of the animation.
-       * Note that this does not cancel the underlying operation, e.g. the setting of classes or
-       * adding the element to the DOM.
-       *
-       * @param {import('./runner/animate-runner.js').AnimateRunner} runner An animation runner returned by an $animate function.
-       *
-       * @example
-        <example module="animationExample" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" name="animate-cancel">
-          <file name="app.js">
-            angular.module('animationExample', []).component('cancelExample', {
-              templateUrl: 'template.html',
-              controller: function($element, $animate) {
-                this.runner = null;
-
-                this.addClass = function() {
-                  this.runner = $animate.addClass($element.querySelectorAll('div'), 'red');
-                  let ctrl = this;
-                  this.runner.finally(function() {
-                    ctrl.runner = null;
-                  });
-                };
-
-                this.removeClass = function() {
-                  this.runner = $animate.removeClass($element.querySelectorAll('div'), 'red');
-                  let ctrl = this;
-                  this.runner.finally(function() {
-                    ctrl.runner = null;
-                  });
-                };
-
-                this.cancel = function() {
-                  $animate.cancel(this.runner);
-                };
-              }
-            });
-          </file>
-          <file name="template.html">
-            <p>
-              <button id="add" ng-click="$ctrl.addClass()">Add</button>
-              <button ng-click="$ctrl.removeClass()">Remove</button>
-              <br>
-              <button id="cancel" ng-click="$ctrl.cancel()" ng-disabled="!$ctrl.runner">Cancel</button>
-              <br>
-              <div id="target">CSS-Animated Text</div>
-            </p>
-          </file>
-          <file name="index.html">
-            <cancel-example></cancel-example>
-          </file>
-          <file name="style.css">
-            .red-add, .red-remove {
-              transition: all 4s cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940);
-            }
-
-            .red,
-            .red-add.red-add-active {
-              color: #FF0000;
-              font-size: 40px;
-            }
-
-            .red-remove.red-remove-active {
-              font-size: 10px;
-              color: black;
-            }
-
-          </file>
-        </example>
-       */
+         * Cancels the provided animation and applies the end state of the animation.
+         * Note that this does not cancel the underlying operation, e.g. the setting of classes or
+         * adding the element to the DOM.
+         *
+         * @param {import('./runner/animate-runner.js').AnimateRunner} runner An animation runner returned by an $animate function.
+         */
         cancel(
           runner: import("./runner/animate-runner.js").AnimateRunner,
         ): void;
diff --git a/@types/core/compile/attributes.d.ts b/@types/core/compile/attributes.d.ts
index 899b7cb00..390584f87 100644
--- a/@types/core/compile/attributes.d.ts
+++ b/@types/core/compile/attributes.d.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 export class Attributes {
   static $nonscope: boolean;
   /**
-   * @param {ng.Scope} $rootScope
+   * @param {ng.RootScopeService} $rootScope
    * @param {*} $animate
    * @param {ng.ExceptionHandlerService} $exceptionHandler
    * @param {*} $sce
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ export class Attributes {
    * @param {Object} [attributesToCopy]
    */
   constructor(
-    $rootScope: ng.Scope,
+    $rootScope: ng.RootScopeService,
     $animate: any,
     $exceptionHandler: ng.ExceptionHandlerService,
     $sce: any,
diff --git a/@types/core/di/ng-module.d.ts b/@types/core/di/ng-module.d.ts
index 087cb7a25..09647b445 100644
--- a/@types/core/di/ng-module.d.ts
+++ b/@types/core/di/ng-module.d.ts
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ export class NgModule {
   /** @type {!Array.<import("../../interface.ts").Injectable<any>>} */
   runBlocks: Array<import("../../interface.ts").Injectable<any>>;
   services: any[];
+  wasmModules: any[];
   /**
    * @param {string} name
    * @param {any} object
@@ -153,4 +154,10 @@ export class NgModule {
     name: string,
     ctlFn: import("../../interface.ts").Injectable<any>,
   ): NgModule;
+  /**
+   * @param {string} name
+   * @param {string} src
+   * @returns {NgModule}
+   */
+  wasm(name: string, src: string): NgModule;
 }
diff --git a/@types/core/sanitize/interface.d.ts b/@types/core/sanitize/interface.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0046947df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/@types/core/sanitize/interface.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/**
+ * Sanitizer function that processes a URI string and optionally
+ * treats it as a media URL.
+ */
+export type SanitizerFn = (
+  uri: string | null | undefined,
+  isMediaUrl?: boolean,
+) => string | null | undefined;
diff --git a/@types/core/sanitize/sanitize-uri.d.ts b/@types/core/sanitize/sanitize-uri.d.ts
index 17d3229e3..1ca5acb40 100644
--- a/@types/core/sanitize/sanitize-uri.d.ts
+++ b/@types/core/sanitize/sanitize-uri.d.ts
@@ -33,8 +33,11 @@ export class SanitizeUriProvider implements ServiceProvider {
     regexp?: RegExp | undefined,
   ): RegExp | SanitizeUriProvider;
   /**
-   * @returns {import("./interface").SanitizerFn}
+   * @returns {import("./interface.ts").SanitizerFn}
    */
-  $get(): any;
+  $get: (
+    | string
+    | (($window: ng.WindowService) => import("./interface.ts").SanitizerFn)
+  )[];
 }
 export type ServiceProvider = import("../../interface.ts").ServiceProvider;
diff --git a/@types/core/scope/interface.d.ts b/@types/core/scope/interface.d.ts
index b46815bf4..56f7e6695 100644
--- a/@types/core/scope/interface.d.ts
+++ b/@types/core/scope/interface.d.ts
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ export interface AsyncQueueTask {
   fn: (...args: any[]) => any;
   locals: Record<string, any>;
 }
-export type ListenerFunction = (newValue: any, originalTarget: object) => void;
+export type ListenerFn = (newValue?: any, originalTarget?: object) => void;
 export interface Listener {
   originalTarget: object;
-  listenerFn: ListenerFunction;
+  listenerFn: ListenerFn;
   watchFn: CompiledExpression;
   id: number;
   scopeId: number;
diff --git a/@types/core/scope/scope.d.ts b/@types/core/scope/scope.d.ts
index 47d3feb5a..1f80bd38d 100644
--- a/@types/core/scope/scope.d.ts
+++ b/@types/core/scope/scope.d.ts
@@ -128,12 +128,12 @@ export class Scope {
    * function is invoked when changes to that property are detected.
    *
    * @param {string} watchProp - An expression to be watched in the context of this model.
-   * @param {import('./interface.ts').ListenerFunction} [listenerFn] - A function to execute when changes are detected on watched context.
+   * @param {ng.ListenerFn} [listenerFn] - A function to execute when changes are detected on watched context.
    * @param {boolean} [lazy] - A flag to indicate if the listener should be invoked immediately. Defaults to false.
    */
   $watch(
     watchProp: string,
-    listenerFn?: import("./interface.ts").ListenerFunction,
+    listenerFn?: ng.ListenerFn,
     lazy?: boolean,
   ): () => void;
   $new(childInstance: any): any;
diff --git a/@types/directive/wasm/wasm.d.ts b/@types/directive/wasm/wasm.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5b323a182
--- /dev/null
+++ b/@types/directive/wasm/wasm.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+export function ngWasmDirective(): {
+  link: ($scope: any, _: any, $attrs: any) => Promise<void>;
+};
diff --git a/@types/namespace.d.ts b/@types/namespace.d.ts
index a4d0e21e4..1c26c3434 100644
--- a/@types/namespace.d.ts
+++ b/@types/namespace.d.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@ export { angular } from "./index.js";
 import { Angular as TAngular } from "./angular.js";
 import { Attributes as TAttributes } from "./core/compile/attributes.js";
 import { Scope as TScope } from "./core/scope/scope.js";
+import {
+  ListenerFn as TListenerFn,
+  Listener as TListener,
+} from "./core/scope/interface.ts";
 import { NgModule as TNgModule } from "./core/di/ng-module.js";
 import { InjectorService as TInjectorService } from "./core/di/internal-injector.js";
 import {
@@ -107,8 +111,10 @@ declare global {
     type TemplateCacheService = Map<string, string>;
     type TemplateRequestService = TTemplateRequestService;
     type ErrorHandlingConfig = TErrorHandlingConfig;
-    type WindowService = Window;
+    type ListenerFn = TListenerFn;
+    type Listener = TListener;
     type DocumentService = Document;
+    type WindowService = Window;
     type WorkerConfig = TWorkerConfig;
     type WorkerConnection = TWorkerConnection;
   }
diff --git a/@types/services/sce/sce.d.ts b/@types/services/sce/sce.d.ts
index 4c3a225ce..9fb472893 100644
--- a/@types/services/sce/sce.d.ts
+++ b/@types/services/sce/sce.d.ts
@@ -24,85 +24,7 @@ export namespace SCE_CONTEXTS {
  * `$sceDelegate` is a service that is used by the `$sce` service to provide {@link ng.$sce Strict
  * Contextual Escaping (SCE)} services to AngularTS.
  *
- * For an overview of this service and the functionnality it provides in AngularTS, see the main
- * page for {@link ng.$sce SCE}. The current page is targeted for developers who need to alter how
- * SCE works in their application, which shouldn't be needed in most cases.
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-danger">
- * AngularTS strongly relies on contextual escaping for the security of bindings: disabling or
- * modifying this might cause cross site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities. For libraries owners,
- * changes to this service will also influence users, so be extra careful and document your changes.
- * </div>
- *
- * Typically, you would configure or override the {@link ng.$sceDelegate $sceDelegate} instead of
- * the `$sce` service to customize the way Strict Contextual Escaping works in AngularTS.  This is
- * because, while the `$sce` provides numerous shorthand methods, etc., you really only need to
- * override 3 core functions (`trustAs`, `getTrusted` and `valueOf`) to replace the way things
- * work because `$sce` delegates to `$sceDelegate` for these operations.
- *
- * Refer {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider $sceDelegateProvider} to configure this service.
- *
- * The default instance of `$sceDelegate` should work out of the box with little pain.  While you
- * can override it completely to change the behavior of `$sce`, the common case would
- * involve configuring the {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider $sceDelegateProvider} instead by setting
- * your own trusted and banned resource lists for trusting URLs used for loading AngularTS resources
- * such as templates.  Refer {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#trustedResourceUrlList
- * $sceDelegateProvider.trustedResourceUrlList} and {@link
- * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#bannedResourceUrlList $sceDelegateProvider.bannedResourceUrlList}
- */
-/**
- *
- * The `$sceDelegateProvider` provider allows developers to configure the {@link ng.$sceDelegate
- * $sceDelegate service}, used as a delegate for {@link ng.$sce Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE)}.
- *
- * The `$sceDelegateProvider` allows one to get/set the `trustedResourceUrlList` and
- * `bannedResourceUrlList` used to ensure that the URLs used for sourcing AngularTS templates and
- * other script-running URLs are safe (all places that use the `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` context). See
- * {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#trustedResourceUrlList
- * $sceDelegateProvider.trustedResourceUrlList} and
- * {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#bannedResourceUrlList $sceDelegateProvider.bannedResourceUrlList},
- *
- * For the general details about this service in AngularTS, read the main page for {@link ng.$sce
- * Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE)}.
- *
- * **Example**:  Consider the following case. <a name="example"></a>
- *
- * - your app is hosted at url `http://myapp.example.com/`
- * - but some of your templates are hosted on other domains you control such as
- *   `http://srv01.assets.example.com/`, `http://srv02.assets.example.com/`, etc.
- * - and you have an open redirect at `http://myapp.example.com/clickThru?...`.
- *
- * Here is what a secure configuration for this scenario might look like:
- *
- * ```
- *  angular.module('myApp', []).config(function($sceDelegateProvider) {
- *    $sceDelegateProvider.trustedResourceUrlList([
- *      // Allow same origin resource loads.
- *      'self',
- *      // Allow loading from our assets domain.  Notice the difference between * and **.
- *      'http://srv*.assets.example.com/**'
- *    ]);
- *
- *    // The banned resource URL list overrides the trusted resource URL list so the open redirect
- *    // here is blocked.
- *    $sceDelegateProvider.bannedResourceUrlList([
- *      'http://myapp.example.com/clickThru**'
- *    ]);
- *  });
- * ```
- * Note that an empty trusted resource URL list will block every resource URL from being loaded, and will require
- * you to manually mark each one as trusted with `$sce.trustAsResourceUrl`. However, templates
- * requested by {@link ng.$templateRequest $templateRequest} that are present in
- * {@link ng.$templateCache $templateCache} will not go through this check. If you have a mechanism
- * to populate your templates in that cache at config time, then it is a good idea to remove 'self'
- * from the trusted resource URL lsit. This helps to mitigate the security impact of certain types
- * of issues, like for instance attacker-controlled `ng-includes`.
- */
-/**
- * `$sceDelegate` is a service that is used by the `$sce` service to provide {@link ng.$sce Strict
- * Contextual Escaping (SCE)} services to AngularTS.
- *
- * For an overview of this service and the functionnality it provides in AngularTS, see the main
+ * For an overview of this service and the functionality it provides in AngularTS, see the main
  * page for {@link ng.$sce SCE}. The current page is targeted for developers who need to alter how
  * SCE works in their application, which shouldn't be needed in most cases.
  *
@@ -179,7 +101,7 @@ export namespace SCE_CONTEXTS {
 export class SceDelegateProvider {
   /**
    *
-   * @param {Array=} trustedResourceUrlList When provided, replaces the trustedResourceUrlList with
+   * @param {Array=} value When provided, replaces the trustedResourceUrlList with
    *     the value provided.  This must be an array or null.  A snapshot of this array is used so
    *     further changes to the array are ignored.
    *     Follow {@link ng.$sce#resourceUrlPatternItem this link} for a description of the items
@@ -198,7 +120,7 @@ export class SceDelegateProvider {
    * its origin with other apps! It is a good idea to limit it to only your application's directory.
    * </div>
    */
-  trustedResourceUrlList: (value: any, ...args: any[]) => any[];
+  trustedResourceUrlList: (value?: any[] | undefined, ...args: any[]) => any[];
   /**
    *
    * @param {Array=} bannedResourceUrlList When provided, replaces the `bannedResourceUrlList` with
@@ -226,7 +148,7 @@ export class SceDelegateProvider {
     | string
     | ((
         $injector: ng.InjectorService,
-        $$sanitizeUri: any,
+        $$sanitizeUri: import("../../core/sanitize/interface.ts").SanitizerFn,
         $exceptionHandler: ng.ExceptionHandlerService,
       ) => {
         trustAs: (type: string, trustedValue: any) => any;
diff --git a/@types/shared/utils.d.ts b/@types/shared/utils.d.ts
index 3764dcee5..62fbea116 100644
--- a/@types/shared/utils.d.ts
+++ b/@types/shared/utils.d.ts
@@ -488,7 +488,18 @@ export function toDebugString(obj: any): any;
  *         The resulting string key is in 'type:hashKey' format.
  */
 export function hashKey(obj: any): string;
-export function mergeClasses(a: any, b: any): any;
+/**
+ * Merges two class name values into a single space-separated string.
+ * Accepts strings, arrays of strings, or null/undefined values.
+ *
+ * @param {string | string[] | null | undefined} a - The first class name(s).
+ * @param {string | string[] | null | undefined} b - The second class name(s).
+ * @returns {string} A single string containing all class names separated by spaces.
+ */
+export function mergeClasses(
+  a: string | string[] | null | undefined,
+  b: string | string[] | null | undefined,
+): string;
 /**
  * Converts all accepted directives format into proper directive name.
  * @param {string} name Name to normalize
@@ -571,5 +582,12 @@ export function wait(t?: number): Promise<void>;
  * // returns false
  */
 export function startsWith(str: string, search: string): boolean;
+/**
+ * Loads and instantiates a WebAssembly module with proper error handling.
+ *
+ * @param {string} src - URL to the wasm file
+ * @returns {Promise<Object>} - Resolves to wasm exports
+ */
+export function instantiateWasm(src: string): Promise<any>;
 export const isProxySymbol: unique symbol;
 export const ngAttrPrefixes: string[];
diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
index 4bc4fa906..2163fecf3 100644
--- a/index.html
+++ b/index.html
@@ -54,16 +54,19 @@
         }
 
         class Demo {
-          constructor($eventBus, $scope) {
-            $eventBus.subscribe("demo", (val) => {
-              $scope["$ctrl"].mailBox = val;
-            });
+          constructor($eventBus, $scope, adder) {
+            this.adder = adder;
+          }
+
+          async test() {
+            this.y = (await this.adder).add(1, 2);
           }
         }
         window.angular
           .module("todo", [])
           .controller("TodoCtrl", TodoController)
-          .controller("DemoCtrl", Demo);
+          .controller("DemoCtrl", Demo)
+          .wasm("adder", "src/directive/wasm/math.wasm");
       });
     </script>
 
@@ -98,28 +101,13 @@
     </style>
   </head>
   <body ng-app="todo">
-    <div ng-controller="TodoCtrl as $ctrl">
-      <h3>Todos</h3>
-      <button ng-click="$ctrl.archive()">Archive</button>
-      <ul>
-        <li ng-repeat="todo in $ctrl.tasks">
-          {{ todo.task }} {{ todo.done }}
-          <input type="checkbox" ng-click="todo.done = !todo.done" />
-        </li>
-      </ul>
-      <form ng-submit="$ctrl.add(newTodo)">
-        <input type="text" ng-model="newTodo" ng-required="true" />
-        <button type="submit">Add</button>
-      </form>
-
-      <button ng-get="/mock/div" target="#p" trigger="click" animate="true">
-        Get
-      </button>
-      <div id="p"></div>
-
-      <div ng-if="bool" class="fade" animate="true">Fade me in out</div>
-      <button ng-click="bool=true">Fade In!</button>
-      <button ng-click="bool=false">Fade Out!</button>
+    <div ng-controller="DemoCtrl as $ctrl">
+      {{ $ctrl.y }}
+      <button ng-click="$ctrl.test()">test</button>
     </div>
+    <ng-wasm src="src/directive/wasm/math.wasm" as="demo1"></ng-wasm>
+    <input type="number" ng-model="a" ng-keyup="x = demo1.add(a, b)" />
+    <input type="number" ng-model="b" ng-keyup="x = demo1.add(a, b)" />
+    {{ x }}
   </body>
 </html>
diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json
index 20fcdd78e..783e27e9f 100644
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -10,31 +10,31 @@
       "license": "MIT",
       "devDependencies": {
         "@eslint/js": "^9.28.0",
-        "@playwright/test": "latest",
-        "@rollup/plugin-commonjs": "latest",
-        "@rollup/plugin-node-resolve": "latest",
-        "@rollup/plugin-terser": "latest",
-        "@types/jasmine": "latest",
+        "@playwright/test": "*",
+        "@rollup/plugin-commonjs": "*",
+        "@rollup/plugin-node-resolve": "*",
+        "@rollup/plugin-terser": "*",
+        "@types/jasmine": "*",
         "cssnano": "^7.1.1",
         "eslint": "^9.28.0",
         "eslint-config-prettier": "^10.1.5",
-        "eslint-plugin-import": "latest",
+        "eslint-plugin-import": "*",
         "eslint-plugin-prettier": "^5.4.1",
-        "eslint-plugin-promise": "latest",
-        "express": "latest",
+        "eslint-plugin-promise": "*",
+        "express": "*",
         "globals": "^16.2.0",
         "husky": "^9.1.7",
-        "jasmine-core": "latest",
-        "npm-run-all": "latest",
-        "playwright": "latest",
+        "jasmine-core": "*",
+        "npm-run-all": "*",
+        "playwright": "*",
         "postcss": "^8.5.6",
-        "prettier": "latest",
-        "rollup": "latest",
-        "rollup-plugin-version-injector": "latest",
+        "prettier": "*",
+        "rollup": "*",
+        "rollup-plugin-version-injector": "*",
         "sinon": "19.0.4",
-        "typedoc": "latest",
-        "typescript": "latest",
-        "vite": "latest"
+        "typedoc": "*",
+        "typescript": "*",
+        "vite": "*"
       },
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=24.0.0"
@@ -3926,9 +3926,9 @@
       "license": "MIT"
     },
     "node_modules/js-yaml": {
-      "version": "4.1.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/js-yaml/-/js-yaml-4.1.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-wpxZs9NoxZaJESJGIZTyDEaYpl0FKSA+FB9aJiyemKhMwkxQg63h4T1KJgUGHpTqPDNRcmmYLugrRjJlBtWvRA==",
+      "version": "4.1.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/js-yaml/-/js-yaml-4.1.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-qQKT4zQxXl8lLwBtHMWwaTcGfFOZviOJet3Oy/xmGk2gZH677CJM9EvtfdSkgWcATZhj/55JZ0rmy3myCT5lsA==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
diff --git a/src/animations/animate-example.html b/src/animations/animate-example.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..878706297
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/animations/animate-example.html
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+<!--<example module="animationExample" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" name="animate-cancel">-->
+<!--    <file name="app.js">-->
+<!--        angular.module('animationExample', []).component('cancelExample', {-->
+<!--        templateUrl: 'template.html',-->
+<!--        controller: function($element, $animate) {-->
+<!--        this.runner = null;-->
+
+<!--        this.addClass = function() {-->
+<!--        this.runner = $animate.addClass($element.querySelectorAll('div'), 'red');-->
+<!--        let ctrl = this;-->
+<!--        this.runner.finally(function() {-->
+<!--        ctrl.runner = null;-->
+<!--        });-->
+<!--        };-->
+
+<!--        this.removeClass = function() {-->
+<!--        this.runner = $animate.removeClass($element.querySelectorAll('div'), 'red');-->
+<!--        let ctrl = this;-->
+<!--        this.runner.finally(function() {-->
+<!--        ctrl.runner = null;-->
+<!--        });-->
+<!--        };-->
+
+<!--        this.cancel = function() {-->
+<!--        $animate.cancel(this.runner);-->
+<!--        };-->
+<!--        }-->
+<!--        });-->
+<!--    </file>-->
+<!--    <file name="template.html">-->
+<!--        <p>-->
+<!--            <button id="add" ng-click="$ctrl.addClass()">Add</button>-->
+<!--            <button ng-click="$ctrl.removeClass()">Remove</button>-->
+<!--            <br>-->
+<!--            <button id="cancel" ng-click="$ctrl.cancel()" ng-disabled="!$ctrl.runner">Cancel</button>-->
+<!--            <br>-->
+<!--        <div id="target">CSS-Animated Text</div>-->
+<!--        </p>-->
+<!--    </file>-->
+<!--    <file name="index.html">-->
+<!--        <cancel-example></cancel-example>-->
+<!--    </file>-->
+<!--    <file name="style.css">-->
+<!--        .red-add, .red-remove {-->
+<!--        transition: all 4s cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940);-->
+<!--        }-->
+
+<!--        .red,-->
+<!--        .red-add.red-add-active {-->
+<!--        color: #FF0000;-->
+<!--        font-size: 40px;-->
+<!--        }-->
+
+<!--        .red-remove.red-remove-active {-->
+<!--        font-size: 10px;-->
+<!--        color: black;-->
+<!--        }-->
+
+<!--    </file>-->
+<!--</example>-->
diff --git a/src/animations/animate.js b/src/animations/animate.js
index b9b37b53d..fc9b67459 100644
--- a/src/animations/animate.js
+++ b/src/animations/animate.js
@@ -1,4 +1,10 @@
-import { isFunction, isObject, minErr, extend } from "../shared/utils.js";
+import {
+  isFunction,
+  isObject,
+  minErr,
+  extend,
+  mergeClasses,
+} from "../shared/utils.js";
 import { removeElement, animatedomInsert } from "../shared/dom.js";
 import { NG_ANIMATE_CLASSNAME } from "./shared.js";
 
@@ -14,15 +20,6 @@ import { NG_ANIMATE_CLASSNAME } from "./shared.js";
 
 const $animateMinErr = minErr("$animate");
 
-function mergeClasses(a, b) {
-  if (!a && !b) return "";
-  if (!a) return b;
-  if (!b) return a;
-  if (Array.isArray(a)) a = a.join(" ");
-  if (Array.isArray(b)) b = b.join(" ");
-  return `${a} ${b}`;
-}
-
 // if any other type of options value besides an Object value is
 // passed into the $animate.method() animation then this helper code
 // will be run which will ignore it. While this patch is not the
@@ -307,74 +304,12 @@ export function AnimateProvider($provide) {
         enabled: $$animateQueue.enabled,
 
         /**
-       * Cancels the provided animation and applies the end state of the animation.
-       * Note that this does not cancel the underlying operation, e.g. the setting of classes or
-       * adding the element to the DOM.
-       *
-       * @param {import('./runner/animate-runner.js').AnimateRunner} runner An animation runner returned by an $animate function.
-       *
-       * @example
-        <example module="animationExample" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" name="animate-cancel">
-          <file name="app.js">
-            angular.module('animationExample', []).component('cancelExample', {
-              templateUrl: 'template.html',
-              controller: function($element, $animate) {
-                this.runner = null;
-
-                this.addClass = function() {
-                  this.runner = $animate.addClass($element.querySelectorAll('div'), 'red');
-                  let ctrl = this;
-                  this.runner.finally(function() {
-                    ctrl.runner = null;
-                  });
-                };
-
-                this.removeClass = function() {
-                  this.runner = $animate.removeClass($element.querySelectorAll('div'), 'red');
-                  let ctrl = this;
-                  this.runner.finally(function() {
-                    ctrl.runner = null;
-                  });
-                };
-
-                this.cancel = function() {
-                  $animate.cancel(this.runner);
-                };
-              }
-            });
-          </file>
-          <file name="template.html">
-            <p>
-              <button id="add" ng-click="$ctrl.addClass()">Add</button>
-              <button ng-click="$ctrl.removeClass()">Remove</button>
-              <br>
-              <button id="cancel" ng-click="$ctrl.cancel()" ng-disabled="!$ctrl.runner">Cancel</button>
-              <br>
-              <div id="target">CSS-Animated Text</div>
-            </p>
-          </file>
-          <file name="index.html">
-            <cancel-example></cancel-example>
-          </file>
-          <file name="style.css">
-            .red-add, .red-remove {
-              transition: all 4s cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940);
-            }
-
-            .red,
-            .red-add.red-add-active {
-              color: #FF0000;
-              font-size: 40px;
-            }
-
-            .red-remove.red-remove-active {
-              font-size: 10px;
-              color: black;
-            }
-
-          </file>
-        </example>
-       */
+         * Cancels the provided animation and applies the end state of the animation.
+         * Note that this does not cancel the underlying operation, e.g. the setting of classes or
+         * adding the element to the DOM.
+         *
+         * @param {import('./runner/animate-runner.js').AnimateRunner} runner An animation runner returned by an $animate function.
+         */
         cancel(runner) {
           if (runner.cancel) {
             runner.cancel();
diff --git a/src/animations/runner/animate-runner.js b/src/animations/runner/animate-runner.js
index 0ec701def..673bd41ce 100644
--- a/src/animations/runner/animate-runner.js
+++ b/src/animations/runner/animate-runner.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
  * @fileoverview
  * Frame-synchronized animation runner and scheduler.
  * Provides async batching of animation callbacks using requestAnimationFrame.
- * In AngularJS, this user to be implemented as `$$AnimateRunner`
+ * In AngularJS, this used to be implemented as `$$AnimateRunner`
  */
 
 /**
diff --git a/src/core/compile/attributes.js b/src/core/compile/attributes.js
index 301e624c8..79ef8571d 100644
--- a/src/core/compile/attributes.js
+++ b/src/core/compile/attributes.js
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ export class Attributes {
   static $nonscope = true;
 
   /**
-   * @param {ng.Scope} $rootScope
+   * @param {ng.RootScopeService} $rootScope
    * @param {*} $animate
    * @param {ng.ExceptionHandlerService} $exceptionHandler
    * @param {*} $sce
diff --git a/src/core/compile/compile.js b/src/core/compile/compile.js
index 1264cce70..bf2ac2846 100644
--- a/src/core/compile/compile.js
+++ b/src/core/compile/compile.js
@@ -2767,14 +2767,23 @@ export class CompileProvider {
                           attr.$$element.classList.value,
                         );
                       } else {
-                        attr.$set(name, newValue);
+                        attr.$set(
+                          name,
+                          name === "srcset"
+                            ? $sce.getTrustedMediaUrl(newValue)
+                            : newValue,
+                        );
                       }
                     });
                   });
 
                   if (interpolateFn.expressions.length == 0) {
-                    // if there is nothing to watch, its a constant
-                    attr.$set(name, newValue);
+                    attr.$set(
+                      name,
+                      name === "srcset"
+                        ? $sce.getTrustedMediaUrl(newValue)
+                        : newValue,
+                    );
                   }
                 },
               };
diff --git a/src/core/di/injector.js b/src/core/di/injector.js
index a65fa7073..0b0212cf4 100644
--- a/src/core/di/injector.js
+++ b/src/core/di/injector.js
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ export function createInjector(modulesToLoad, strictDi = false) {
       service: supportObject(service),
       value: supportObject(value),
       constant: supportObject(constant),
+      wasm: supportObject(wasm),
       decorator,
     },
   };
@@ -154,6 +155,17 @@ export function createInjector(modulesToLoad, strictDi = false) {
     protoInstanceInjector.cache[name] = value;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Register a wasm module (available during config).
+   * @param {string} name
+   * @param {string} value
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  function wasm(name, value) {
+    providerInjector.cache[name] = value;
+    protoInstanceInjector.cache[name] = value;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Register a decorator function to modify or replace an existing service.
    * @param name - The name of the service to decorate.
diff --git a/src/core/di/ng-module.js b/src/core/di/ng-module.js
index 86203cc89..aedf85a4f 100644
--- a/src/core/di/ng-module.js
+++ b/src/core/di/ng-module.js
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 import { $injectTokens as $t } from "../../injection-tokens.js";
-import { isFunction, isString, assert } from "../../shared/utils.js";
+import {
+  isFunction,
+  isString,
+  assert,
+  instantiateWasm,
+} from "../../shared/utils.js";
 
 /** @private */
 export const INJECTOR_LITERAL = "$injector";
@@ -60,6 +65,8 @@ export class NgModule {
     }
 
     this.services = [];
+
+    this.wasmModules = [];
   }
 
   /**
@@ -226,4 +233,18 @@ export class NgModule {
     this.invokeQueue.push([CONTROLLER_LITERAL, "register", [name, ctlFn]]);
     return this;
   }
+
+  /**
+   * @param {string} name
+   * @param {string} src
+   * @returns {NgModule}
+   */
+  wasm(name, src) {
+    this.invokeQueue.push([
+      $t.$provide,
+      "wasm",
+      [name, (() => instantiateWasm(src))()],
+    ]);
+    return this;
+  }
 }
diff --git a/src/core/interpolate/interpolate.spec.js b/src/core/interpolate/interpolate.spec.js
index 51b2c2cc1..95bdec688 100644
--- a/src/core/interpolate/interpolate.spec.js
+++ b/src/core/interpolate/interpolate.spec.js
@@ -29,6 +29,14 @@ describe("$interpolate", () => {
     expect(interp({})).toEqual("why u no }}work{{");
   });
 
+  it("evaluates binary expressions", function () {
+    let interp = $interpolate("{{a + b}}");
+    expect(interp({ a: 11, b: 22 })).toEqual("33");
+
+    interp = $interpolate("{{a + b + c}}");
+    expect(interp({ a: 11, b: 22, c: 33 })).toEqual("66");
+  });
+
   it("evaluates many expressions", function () {
     const interp = $interpolate("First {{anAttr}}, then {{anotherAttr}}!");
     expect(interp({ anAttr: "42", anotherAttr: "43" })).toEqual(
diff --git a/src/core/sanitize/interface.ts b/src/core/sanitize/interface.ts
index fca01f011..0046947df 100644
--- a/src/core/sanitize/interface.ts
+++ b/src/core/sanitize/interface.ts
@@ -2,9 +2,7 @@
  * Sanitizer function that processes a URI string and optionally
  * treats it as a media URL.
  */
-export interface SanitizerFn {
-  (
-    uri: string | null | undefined,
-    isMediaUrl?: boolean,
-  ): string | null | undefined;
-}
+export type SanitizerFn = (
+  uri: string | null | undefined,
+  isMediaUrl?: boolean,
+) => string | null | undefined;
diff --git a/src/core/sanitize/sanitize-uri.js b/src/core/sanitize/sanitize-uri.js
index 90a8515a3..080c13eda 100644
--- a/src/core/sanitize/sanitize-uri.js
+++ b/src/core/sanitize/sanitize-uri.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { isDefined } from "../../shared/utils.js";
-import { urlResolve } from "../../shared/url-utils/url-utils.js";
+import { $injectTokens } from "../../injection-tokens.js";
 
 /** @typedef {import('../../interface.ts').ServiceProvider} ServiceProvider */
 
@@ -53,23 +53,29 @@ export class SanitizeUriProvider {
   }
 
   /**
-   * @returns {import("./interface").SanitizerFn}
+   * @returns {import("./interface.ts").SanitizerFn}
    */
-  $get() {
-    return (uri, isMediaUrl) => {
-      if (!uri) return uri;
+  $get = [
+    $injectTokens.$window,
+    /** @param {ng.WindowService} $window */
+    ($window) => {
+      return /** @type {import("./interface.ts").SanitizerFn} */ (
+        (uri, isMediaUrl) => {
+          if (!uri) return uri;
 
-      /** @type {RegExp} */
-      const regex = isMediaUrl
-        ? this._imgSrcSanitizationTrustedUrlList
-        : this._aHrefSanitizationTrustedUrlList;
+          /** @type {RegExp} */
+          const regex = isMediaUrl
+            ? this._imgSrcSanitizationTrustedUrlList
+            : this._aHrefSanitizationTrustedUrlList;
 
-      const normalizedVal = urlResolve(uri.trim()).href;
+          const normalizedVal = new URL(uri.trim(), $window.location.href).href;
 
-      if (normalizedVal !== "" && !normalizedVal.match(regex)) {
-        return `unsafe:${normalizedVal}`;
-      }
-      return uri;
-    };
-  }
+          if (normalizedVal !== "" && !normalizedVal.match(regex)) {
+            return `unsafe:${normalizedVal}`;
+          }
+          return uri;
+        }
+      );
+    },
+  ];
 }
diff --git a/src/core/sanitize/sanitize-uri.spec.js b/src/core/sanitize/sanitize-uri.spec.js
index 919b4dbfa..35d6c81fd 100644
--- a/src/core/sanitize/sanitize-uri.spec.js
+++ b/src/core/sanitize/sanitize-uri.spec.js
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ describe("sanitizeUri", () => {
   let $$sanitizeUri;
   beforeEach(() => {
     sanitizeUriProvider = new SanitizeUriProvider();
-    $$sanitizeUri = sanitizeUriProvider.$get();
+    $$sanitizeUri = sanitizeUriProvider.$get[1](window);
 
     sanitizeHref = function (uri) {
       return $$sanitizeUri(uri, false);
diff --git a/src/core/scope/interface.ts b/src/core/scope/interface.ts
index 360eaeeab..6626df9b8 100644
--- a/src/core/scope/interface.ts
+++ b/src/core/scope/interface.ts
@@ -7,11 +7,11 @@ export interface AsyncQueueTask {
   locals: Record<string, any>;
 }
 
-export type ListenerFunction = (newValue: any, originalTarget: object) => void;
+export type ListenerFn = (newValue?: any, originalTarget?: object) => void;
 
 export interface Listener {
   originalTarget: object;
-  listenerFn: ListenerFunction;
+  listenerFn: ListenerFn;
   watchFn: CompiledExpression;
   id: number; // Deregistration id
   scopeId: number; // The scope id that created the Listener
diff --git a/src/core/scope/scope.js b/src/core/scope/scope.js
index c6c1215e4..80c28542d 100644
--- a/src/core/scope/scope.js
+++ b/src/core/scope/scope.js
@@ -136,6 +136,15 @@ export function isUnsafeGlobal(target) {
     return true;
   }
 
+  if (target instanceof Promise) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Events
+  if (typeof Event !== "undefined" && target instanceof Event) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
   // Cross-origin or non-enumerable window objects
   try {
     return Object.prototype.toString.call(target) === "[object Window]";
@@ -616,7 +625,7 @@ export class Scope {
    * function is invoked when changes to that property are detected.
    *
    * @param {string} watchProp - An expression to be watched in the context of this model.
-   * @param {import('./interface.ts').ListenerFunction} [listenerFn] - A function to execute when changes are detected on watched context.
+   * @param {ng.ListenerFn} [listenerFn] - A function to execute when changes are detected on watched context.
    * @param {boolean} [lazy] - A flag to indicate if the listener should be invoked immediately. Defaults to false.
    */
   $watch(watchProp, listenerFn, lazy = false) {
@@ -638,7 +647,7 @@ export class Scope {
       return () => {};
     }
 
-    /** @type {import('./interface.ts').Listener} */
+    /** @type {ng.Listener} */
     const listener = {
       originalTarget: this.$target,
       listenerFn: listenerFn,
@@ -696,13 +705,34 @@ export class Scope {
       }
       // 6
       case ASTType.BinaryExpression: {
-        let expr = get.decoratedNode.body[0].expression.toWatch[0];
-        key = expr.property ? expr.property.name : expr.name;
-        if (!key) {
-          throw new Error("Unable to determine key");
+        if (get.decoratedNode.body[0].expression.isPure) {
+          let expr = get.decoratedNode.body[0].expression.toWatch[0];
+          key = expr.property ? expr.property.name : expr.name;
+          if (!key) {
+            throw new Error("Unable to determine key");
+          }
+          listener.property.push(key);
+          break;
+        } else {
+          let keys = [];
+          get.decoratedNode.body[0].expression.toWatch.forEach((x) => {
+            const k = x.property ? x.property.name : x.name;
+            if (!k) {
+              throw new Error("Unable to determine key");
+            }
+            keys.push(k);
+          });
+          keys.forEach((key) => {
+            this.#registerKey(key, listener);
+            this.#scheduleListener([listener]);
+          });
+
+          return () => {
+            keys.forEach((key) => {
+              this.#deregisterKey(key, listener.id);
+            });
+          };
         }
-        listener.property.push(key);
-        break;
       }
       // 7
       case ASTType.UnaryExpression: {
diff --git a/src/core/scope/scope.spec.js b/src/core/scope/scope.spec.js
index 3aa9ff7f1..c2592b294 100644
--- a/src/core/scope/scope.spec.js
+++ b/src/core/scope/scope.spec.js
@@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ describe("Scope", () => {
       expect(scope.counter).toBe(4);
     });
 
-    it("calls only the listeners registerred at the moment the watched value changes", async () => {
+    it("calls only the listeners registered at the moment the watched value changes", async () => {
       scope.someValue = "a";
       scope.counter = 0;
 
@@ -823,7 +823,7 @@ describe("Scope", () => {
         expect(scope.$$watchersCount).toEqual(scope.$handler.watchers.size);
       });
 
-      it("should fire upon $watch registration on initial registeration", async () => {
+      it("should fire upon $watch registration on initial registration", async () => {
         logs = "";
         scope.a = 1;
         scope.$watch("a", () => {
@@ -3058,4 +3058,8 @@ describe("isUnsafeGlobal", () => {
     };
     expect(() => isUnsafeGlobal(fakeCrossOrigin)).not.toThrow();
   });
+
+  it("ignores events", () => {
+    expect(isUnsafeGlobal(new PointerEvent("test"))).toBeTrue();
+  });
 });
diff --git a/src/directive/http/http.js b/src/directive/http/http.js
index d5ccbea40..7ca44b570 100644
--- a/src/directive/http/http.js
+++ b/src/directive/http/http.js
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ export function createHttpDirective(method, attrName) {
    * @param {ng.ParseService} $parse
    * @param {ng.StateService} $state
    * @param {ng.SseService} $sse
+   * @param {*} $animate
    * @returns {ng.Directive}
    */
   return function ($http, $compile, $log, $parse, $state, $sse, $animate) {
diff --git a/src/directive/wasm/math.ts b/src/directive/wasm/math.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..acaba61a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/directive/wasm/math.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// // math.ts
+// export function add(a: i32, b: i32): i32 {
+//     return a + b;
+//   }
+
+//   export function mul(a: i32, b: i32): i32 {
+//     return a * b;
+//   }
diff --git a/src/directive/wasm/math.wasm b/src/directive/wasm/math.wasm
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cf925020a
Binary files /dev/null and b/src/directive/wasm/math.wasm differ
diff --git a/src/directive/wasm/wasm.js b/src/directive/wasm/wasm.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..de7ff8569
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/directive/wasm/wasm.js
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import { instantiateWasm } from "../../shared/utils.js";
+
+export function ngWasmDirective() {
+  return {
+    link: async function ($scope, _, $attrs) {
+      $scope.$target[$attrs.as || "wasm"] = await instantiateWasm($attrs.src);
+    },
+  };
+}
diff --git a/src/namespace.ts b/src/namespace.ts
index 3e8a5b3b4..dd4f76e00 100644
--- a/src/namespace.ts
+++ b/src/namespace.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@ export { angular } from "./index.js";
 import { Angular as TAngular } from "./angular.js";
 import { Attributes as TAttributes } from "./core/compile/attributes.js";
 import { Scope as TScope } from "./core/scope/scope.js";
+import {
+  ListenerFn as TListenerFn,
+  Listener as TListener,
+} from "./core/scope/interface.ts";
 import { NgModule as TNgModule } from "./core/di/ng-module.js";
 import { InjectorService as TInjectorService } from "./core/di/internal-injector.js";
 
@@ -130,8 +134,10 @@ declare global {
 
     // Support types
     export type ErrorHandlingConfig = TErrorHandlingConfig;
-    export type WindowService = Window;
+    export type ListenerFn = TListenerFn;
+    export type Listener = TListener;
     export type DocumentService = Document;
+    export type WindowService = Window;
     export type WorkerConfig = TWorkerConfig;
     export type WorkerConnection = TWorkerConnection;
   }
diff --git a/src/ng.js b/src/ng.js
index 6f1cb05ca..1e91d999b 100644
--- a/src/ng.js
+++ b/src/ng.js
@@ -135,6 +135,7 @@ import { SseProvider } from "./services/sse/sse.js";
 import { ngViewportDirective } from "./directive/viewport/viewport.js";
 import { ngWorkerDirective } from "./directive/worker/worker.js";
 import { WorkerProvider } from "./services/worker/worker.js";
+import { ngWasmDirective } from "./directive/wasm/wasm.js";
 
 /**
  * Initializes core `ng` module.
@@ -215,6 +216,7 @@ export function registerNgModule(angular) {
               ngValue: ngValueDirective,
               ngModelOptions: ngModelOptionsDirective,
               ngViewport: ngViewportDirective,
+              ngWasm: ngWasmDirective,
               ngWorker: ngWorkerDirective,
             })
             .directive({
diff --git a/src/router/state/state.spec.js b/src/router/state/state.spec.js
index 30c73eba2..ad6829076 100644
--- a/src/router/state/state.spec.js
+++ b/src/router/state/state.spec.js
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ describe("$state", () => {
       expect($stateProvider).toBeDefined();
     });
 
-    it("should should not allow states that are already registerred", () => {
+    it("should should not allow states that are already registered", () => {
       expect(() => {
         $stateProvider.state({ name: "toString", url: "/to-string" });
       }).not.toThrow();
diff --git a/src/services/sce/sce.js b/src/services/sce/sce.js
index 74cd62ebe..4c6a5e9d5 100644
--- a/src/services/sce/sce.js
+++ b/src/services/sce/sce.js
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ export function adjustMatcher(matcher) {
  * `$sceDelegate` is a service that is used by the `$sce` service to provide {@link ng.$sce Strict
  * Contextual Escaping (SCE)} services to AngularTS.
  *
- * For an overview of this service and the functionnality it provides in AngularTS, see the main
+ * For an overview of this service and the functionality it provides in AngularTS, see the main
  * page for {@link ng.$sce SCE}. The current page is targeted for developers who need to alter how
  * SCE works in their application, which shouldn't be needed in most cases.
  *
@@ -115,85 +115,6 @@ export function adjustMatcher(matcher) {
  * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#bannedResourceUrlList $sceDelegateProvider.bannedResourceUrlList}
  */
 
-/**
- *
- * The `$sceDelegateProvider` provider allows developers to configure the {@link ng.$sceDelegate
- * $sceDelegate service}, used as a delegate for {@link ng.$sce Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE)}.
- *
- * The `$sceDelegateProvider` allows one to get/set the `trustedResourceUrlList` and
- * `bannedResourceUrlList` used to ensure that the URLs used for sourcing AngularTS templates and
- * other script-running URLs are safe (all places that use the `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` context). See
- * {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#trustedResourceUrlList
- * $sceDelegateProvider.trustedResourceUrlList} and
- * {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#bannedResourceUrlList $sceDelegateProvider.bannedResourceUrlList},
- *
- * For the general details about this service in AngularTS, read the main page for {@link ng.$sce
- * Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE)}.
- *
- * **Example**:  Consider the following case. <a name="example"></a>
- *
- * - your app is hosted at url `http://myapp.example.com/`
- * - but some of your templates are hosted on other domains you control such as
- *   `http://srv01.assets.example.com/`, `http://srv02.assets.example.com/`, etc.
- * - and you have an open redirect at `http://myapp.example.com/clickThru?...`.
- *
- * Here is what a secure configuration for this scenario might look like:
- *
- * ```
- *  angular.module('myApp', []).config(function($sceDelegateProvider) {
- *    $sceDelegateProvider.trustedResourceUrlList([
- *      // Allow same origin resource loads.
- *      'self',
- *      // Allow loading from our assets domain.  Notice the difference between * and **.
- *      'http://srv*.assets.example.com/**'
- *    ]);
- *
- *    // The banned resource URL list overrides the trusted resource URL list so the open redirect
- *    // here is blocked.
- *    $sceDelegateProvider.bannedResourceUrlList([
- *      'http://myapp.example.com/clickThru**'
- *    ]);
- *  });
- * ```
- * Note that an empty trusted resource URL list will block every resource URL from being loaded, and will require
- * you to manually mark each one as trusted with `$sce.trustAsResourceUrl`. However, templates
- * requested by {@link ng.$templateRequest $templateRequest} that are present in
- * {@link ng.$templateCache $templateCache} will not go through this check. If you have a mechanism
- * to populate your templates in that cache at config time, then it is a good idea to remove 'self'
- * from the trusted resource URL lsit. This helps to mitigate the security impact of certain types
- * of issues, like for instance attacker-controlled `ng-includes`.
- */
-
-/**
- * `$sceDelegate` is a service that is used by the `$sce` service to provide {@link ng.$sce Strict
- * Contextual Escaping (SCE)} services to AngularTS.
- *
- * For an overview of this service and the functionnality it provides in AngularTS, see the main
- * page for {@link ng.$sce SCE}. The current page is targeted for developers who need to alter how
- * SCE works in their application, which shouldn't be needed in most cases.
- *
- * <div class="alert alert-danger">
- * AngularTS strongly relies on contextual escaping for the security of bindings: disabling or
- * modifying this might cause cross site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities. For libraries owners,
- * changes to this service will also influence users, so be extra careful and document your changes.
- * </div>
- *
- * Typically, you would configure or override the {@link ng.$sceDelegate $sceDelegate} instead of
- * the `$sce` service to customize the way Strict Contextual Escaping works in AngularTS.  This is
- * because, while the `$sce` provides numerous shorthand methods, etc., you really only need to
- * override 3 core functions (`trustAs`, `getTrusted` and `valueOf`) to replace the way things
- * work because `$sce` delegates to `$sceDelegate` for these operations.
- *
- * Refer {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider $sceDelegateProvider} to configure this service.
- *
- * The default instance of `$sceDelegate` should work out of the box with little pain.  While you
- * can override it completely to change the behavior of `$sce`, the common case would
- * involve configuring the {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider $sceDelegateProvider} instead by setting
- * your own trusted and banned resource lists for trusting URLs used for loading AngularTS resources
- * such as templates.  Refer {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#trustedResourceUrlList
- * $sceDelegateProvider.trustedResourceUrlList} and {@link
- * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#bannedResourceUrlList $sceDelegateProvider.bannedResourceUrlList}
- */
 /**
  *
  * The `$sceDelegateProvider` provider allows developers to configure the {@link ng.$sceDelegate
@@ -250,7 +171,7 @@ export class SceDelegateProvider {
 
     /**
      *
-     * @param {Array=} trustedResourceUrlList When provided, replaces the trustedResourceUrlList with
+     * @param {Array=} value When provided, replaces the trustedResourceUrlList with
      *     the value provided.  This must be an array or null.  A snapshot of this array is used so
      *     further changes to the array are ignored.
      *     Follow {@link ng.$sce#resourceUrlPatternItem this link} for a description of the items
@@ -312,7 +233,7 @@ export class SceDelegateProvider {
       /**
        *
        * @param {ng.InjectorService} $injector
-       * @param {*} $$sanitizeUri
+       * @param {import("../../core/sanitize/interface.ts").SanitizerFn} $$sanitizeUri
        * @param {ng.ExceptionHandlerService} $exceptionHandler
        * @returns
        */
diff --git a/src/services/sse/sse.js b/src/services/sse/sse.js
index 9c22c631a..c9ca0520b 100644
--- a/src/services/sse/sse.js
+++ b/src/services/sse/sse.js
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ export class SseProvider {
         es.close();
       },
       connect() {
-        if (closed == false) {
+        if (closed === false) {
           close();
         }
         connect();
diff --git a/src/shared/noderef.js b/src/shared/noderef.js
index 06de2e36e..ac21e1734 100644
--- a/src/shared/noderef.js
+++ b/src/shared/noderef.js
@@ -67,8 +67,8 @@ export class NodeRef {
     }
 
     // Handle array of elements
-    else if (element instanceof Array) {
-      if (element.length == 1) {
+    else if (Array.isArray(element)) {
+      if (element.length === 1) {
         this.initial = element[0].cloneNode(true);
         this.node = element[0];
       } else {
@@ -129,19 +129,12 @@ export class NodeRef {
 
   /** @returns {NodeList|Node[]} */
   get nodelist() {
-    assertArg(this.isList, "nodes");
-    if (this._nodes.length === 0) {
-      return this._nodes;
-    }
-    if (this._nodes[0].parentElement) {
+    if (this._nodes.length === 0) return [];
+    if (this._nodes[0].parentElement)
       return this._nodes[0].parentElement.childNodes;
-    } else {
-      const fragment = document.createDocumentFragment();
-      this._nodes.forEach((el) => {
-        fragment.appendChild(el);
-      });
-      return fragment.childNodes;
-    }
+    const fragment = document.createDocumentFragment();
+    this._nodes.forEach((el) => fragment.appendChild(el));
+    return fragment.childNodes;
   }
 
   /** @returns {Element | Node | ChildNode | NodeList | Node[]} */
diff --git a/src/shared/noderef.spec.js b/src/shared/noderef.spec.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..25745faf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/shared/noderef.spec.js
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+import { NodeRef } from "./noderef.js";
+
+describe("NodeRef", () => {
+  let div;
+  let span;
+  let textNode;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    div = document.createElement("div");
+    div.textContent = "hello";
+    span = document.createElement("span");
+    span.textContent = "world";
+    textNode = document.createTextNode("plain text");
+  });
+
+  describe("constructor", () => {
+    it("wraps a single Element", () => {
+      const ref = new NodeRef(div);
+      expect(ref.node).toBe(div);
+      expect(ref.element).toBe(div);
+      expect(ref.size).toBe(1);
+      expect(ref.isList).toBeFalse();
+      expect(ref.isElement()).toBeTrue();
+    });
+
+    it("wraps a single Node", () => {
+      const ref = new NodeRef(textNode);
+      expect(ref.node).toBe(textNode);
+      expect(ref.isElement()).toBeFalse();
+    });
+
+    it("wraps an array of Nodes", () => {
+      const ref = new NodeRef([div, span]);
+      expect(ref.nodes).toEqual([div, span]);
+      expect(ref.isList).toBeTrue();
+      expect(ref.size).toBe(2);
+    });
+
+    it("wraps an array with one Node", () => {
+      const ref = new NodeRef([div]);
+      expect(ref.node).toBe(div);
+      expect(ref.isList).toBeFalse();
+      expect(ref.size).toBe(1);
+    });
+
+    it("wraps a NodeList", () => {
+      const parent = document.createElement("div");
+      parent.append(div, span);
+      const ref = new NodeRef(parent.childNodes);
+      expect(ref.nodes).toEqual([div, span]);
+      expect(ref.isList).toBeTrue();
+    });
+
+    it("wraps an HTML string", () => {
+      const html = "<p>hi</p>";
+      const ref = new NodeRef(html);
+      expect(ref.element.tagName.toLowerCase()).toBe("p");
+      expect(ref.element.textContent).toBe("hi");
+    });
+
+    it("handles HTML string with multiple nodes", () => {
+      const html = "<div>A</div><span>B</span>";
+      const ref = new NodeRef(html);
+      expect(ref.getAny().outerHTML).toContain("div");
+    });
+
+    it("throws on invalid input", () => {
+      expect(() => new NodeRef(123)).toThrowError(
+        "Invalid element passed to NodeRef",
+      );
+      expect(() => new NodeRef(null)).toThrow();
+      expect(() => new NodeRef(undefined)).toThrow();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("getters and setters", () => {
+    it("sets and gets node", () => {
+      const ref = new NodeRef(div);
+      const newDiv = document.createElement("div");
+      ref.node = newDiv;
+      expect(ref.node).toBe(newDiv);
+      expect(ref.element).toBe(newDiv);
+    });
+
+    it("sets and gets nodes array", () => {
+      const ref = new NodeRef(div);
+      ref.nodes = [div, span];
+      expect(ref.nodes).toEqual([div, span]);
+      expect(ref.isList).toBeTrue();
+    });
+
+    it("returns correct element and node", () => {
+      const ref = new NodeRef(div);
+      expect(ref.element).toBe(div);
+      expect(ref.node).toBe(div);
+    });
+
+    it("returns size correctly", () => {
+      const ref1 = new NodeRef(div);
+      const ref2 = new NodeRef([div, span]);
+      expect(ref1.size).toBe(1);
+      expect(ref2.size).toBe(2);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("list and collection methods", () => {
+    it("getAny() returns first node of list", () => {
+      const ref = new NodeRef([div, span]);
+      expect(ref.getAny()).toBe(div);
+    });
+
+    it("getAll() returns all nodes", () => {
+      const ref = new NodeRef([div, span]);
+      expect(ref.getAll()).toEqual([div, span]);
+    });
+
+    it("collection() always returns array", () => {
+      const ref1 = new NodeRef(div);
+      const ref2 = new NodeRef([div, span]);
+      expect(ref1.collection()).toEqual([div]);
+      expect(ref2.collection()).toEqual([div, span]);
+    });
+
+    it("getIndex() and setIndex() work properly", () => {
+      const ref = new NodeRef([div, span]);
+      expect(ref.getIndex(1)).toBe(span);
+      const newNode = document.createElement("p");
+      ref.setIndex(1, newNode);
+      expect(ref.getIndex(1)).toBe(newNode);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("nodelist and clone", () => {
+    it("returns live nodelist if attached to DOM", () => {
+      const parent = document.createElement("div");
+      parent.append(div, span);
+      const ref = new NodeRef([div, span]);
+      const list = ref.nodelist;
+      expect(list[0]).toBe(div);
+      expect(list[1]).toBe(span);
+    });
+
+    it("returns fragment-based nodelist if detached", () => {
+      const ref = new NodeRef([div, span]);
+      const list = ref.nodelist;
+      expect(list.length).toBe(2);
+      expect(list[0].isEqualNode(div)).toBeTrue();
+    });
+
+    it("clone() creates deep copy", () => {
+      const ref = new NodeRef([div, span]);
+      const clone = ref.clone();
+      expect(clone.nodes[0].isEqualNode(div)).toBeTrue();
+      expect(clone.nodes[0]).not.toBe(div);
+    });
+
+    it("clone() works on single element", () => {
+      const ref = new NodeRef(div);
+      const clone = ref.clone();
+      expect(clone.node.isEqualNode(div)).toBeTrue();
+      expect(clone.node).not.toBe(div);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("edge cases", () => {
+    it("handles text node only", () => {
+      const ref = new NodeRef(textNode);
+      expect(ref.node.textContent).toBe("plain text");
+      expect(ref.isElement()).toBeFalse();
+    });
+
+    it("handles DocumentFragment", () => {
+      const frag = document.createDocumentFragment();
+      frag.append(div, span);
+      const ref = new NodeRef(frag.childNodes);
+      expect(ref.isList).toBeTrue();
+      expect(ref.nodes.length).toBe(2);
+    });
+
+    it("handles malformed HTML string gracefully", () => {
+      const html = "<div><span>Missing close";
+      const ref = new NodeRef(html);
+      expect(ref.node).toBeTruthy();
+      expect(ref.getAny().nodeType).toBe(Node.ELEMENT_NODE);
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/shared/shared.html b/src/shared/shared.html
index ca51488d5..d3be5190f 100644
--- a/src/shared/shared.html
+++ b/src/shared/shared.html
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
     <script type="module" src="/src/shared/common.spec.js"></script>
     <script type="module" src="/src/shared/hof.spec.js"></script>
     <script type="module" src="/src/shared/min-err.spec.js"></script>
+    <script type="module" src="/src/shared/noderef.spec.js"></script>
     <script type="module" src="/src/shared/queue.spec.js"></script>
     <script type="module" src="/src/shared/strings.spec.js"></script>
     <script type="module" src="/src/shared/utils.spec.js"></script>
diff --git a/src/shared/utils.js b/src/shared/utils.js
index df2768afd..1e8fcd724 100644
--- a/src/shared/utils.js
+++ b/src/shared/utils.js
@@ -1106,13 +1106,38 @@ export function hashKey(obj) {
   return `${objType}:${obj}`;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Merges two class name values into a single space-separated string.
+ * Accepts strings, arrays of strings, or null/undefined values.
+ *
+ * @param {string | string[] | null | undefined} a - The first class name(s).
+ * @param {string | string[] | null | undefined} b - The second class name(s).
+ * @returns {string} A single string containing all class names separated by spaces.
+ */
 export function mergeClasses(a, b) {
   if (!a && !b) return "";
-  if (!a) return b;
-  if (!b) return a;
-  if (Array.isArray(a)) a = a.join(" ");
-  if (Array.isArray(b)) b = b.join(" ");
-  return a + " " + b;
+  if (!a) return Array.isArray(b) ? b.join(" ").trim() : b;
+  if (!b) return Array.isArray(a) ? a.join(" ").trim() : a;
+  if (Array.isArray(a)) a = normalizeStringArray(a);
+  if (Array.isArray(b)) b = normalizeStringArray(b);
+  return `${a.trim()} ${b.trim()}`.trim();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Joins an array of strings into a single string, trimming each
+ * element and ignoring empty strings, null, and undefined
+ * @param {any[]} arr
+ * @returns {string}
+ */
+function normalizeStringArray(arr) {
+  const cleaned = [];
+  for (const item of arr) {
+    if (item) {
+      const trimmed = item.trim();
+      if (trimmed) cleaned.push(trimmed);
+    }
+  }
+  return cleaned.join(" ");
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1253,3 +1278,21 @@ export function wait(t = 0) {
 export function startsWith(str, search) {
   return str.slice(0, search.length) === search;
 }
+
+/**
+ * Loads and instantiates a WebAssembly module with proper error handling.
+ *
+ * @param {string} src - URL to the wasm file
+ * @returns {Promise<Object>} - Resolves to wasm exports
+ */
+export async function instantiateWasm(src) {
+  try {
+    const r = await fetch(src);
+    if (!r.ok) throw new Error(`${r}`);
+    const bytes = await r.arrayBuffer();
+    const { instance } = await WebAssembly.instantiate(bytes);
+    return instance.exports;
+  } catch (e) {
+    throw new Error(e);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/shared/utils.spec.js b/src/shared/utils.spec.js
index 1d6c65361..4dff379c5 100644
--- a/src/shared/utils.spec.js
+++ b/src/shared/utils.spec.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { hashKey, startsWith } from "./utils.js";
+import { hashKey, mergeClasses, startsWith } from "./utils.js";
 
 describe("api", () => {
   describe("hashKey()", () => {
@@ -175,4 +175,72 @@ describe("api", () => {
       expect(startsWith("short", "shorter")).toBe(false);
     });
   });
+
+  describe("mergeClasses", () => {
+    it("should return empty string if both arguments are null or undefined", () => {
+      expect(mergeClasses(null, null)).toBe("");
+      expect(mergeClasses(undefined, undefined)).toBe("");
+      expect(mergeClasses(null, undefined)).toBe("");
+    });
+
+    it("should return first argument if second is null/undefined", () => {
+      expect(mergeClasses("btn", null)).toBe("btn");
+      expect(mergeClasses(["btn", "primary"], undefined)).toBe("btn primary");
+    });
+
+    it("should return second argument if first is null/undefined", () => {
+      expect(mergeClasses(null, "active")).toBe("active");
+      expect(mergeClasses(undefined, ["active", "large"])).toBe("active large");
+    });
+
+    it("should merge two strings with a space", () => {
+      expect(mergeClasses("btn", "active")).toBe("btn active");
+    });
+
+    it("should always trim merged strings", () => {
+      expect(mergeClasses("btn  ", "  active")).toBe("btn active");
+    });
+
+    it("should merge two arrays of strings", () => {
+      expect(mergeClasses(["btn", "primary"], ["active", "large"])).toBe(
+        "btn primary active large",
+      );
+    });
+
+    it("should merge string and array", () => {
+      expect(mergeClasses("btn", ["active", "large"])).toBe("btn active large");
+      expect(mergeClasses(["btn", "primary"], "active")).toBe(
+        "btn primary active",
+      );
+    });
+
+    it("should ignore empty strings, null, and undefined in arrays", () => {
+      expect(
+        mergeClasses(["btn", "", null, undefined], ["active", "", null]),
+      ).toBe("btn active");
+    });
+
+    it("should ignore empty strings, null, and undefined in arrays if second argument is empty", () => {
+      expect(mergeClasses(["btn", "", null, undefined], undefined)).toBe("btn");
+    });
+
+    it("should ignore empty strings, null, and undefined in arrays if first argument is empty", () => {
+      expect(mergeClasses(undefined, ["btn", "", null, undefined])).toBe("btn");
+    });
+
+    it("should handle single argument arrays correctly", () => {
+      expect(mergeClasses(["btn"], ["active"])).toBe("btn active");
+    });
+
+    it("should handle single argument arrays correctly", () => {
+      expect(mergeClasses(["btn  ", "  test"], ["  active"])).toBe(
+        "btn test active",
+      );
+    });
+
+    it("should handle one argument as string and the other as empty array", () => {
+      expect(mergeClasses("btn", [])).toBe("btn");
+      expect(mergeClasses([], "active")).toBe("active");
+    });
+  });
 });