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14 hoursltree: fix case-insensitive matching.Jeff Davis
Previously, ltree_prefix_eq_ci() used lowercasing with the default collation; while ltree_crc32_sz() used tolower() directly. These were equivalent only if the default collation provider was libc and the encoding was single-byte. Change both to use casefolding with the default collation. Backpatch through 18, where the casefolding APIs were introduced. The bug exists in earlier versions, but would require some adaptation. A REINDEX is required for ltree indexes where the database default collation is not libc. Reviewed-by: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org> Backpatch-through: 18 Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/450ceb6260cad30d7afdf155d991a9caafee7c0d.camel@j-davis.com Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/01fc00fd66f641b9693d4f9f1af0ccf44cbdfbdf.camel@j-davis.com
17 hoursFix multibyte issue in ltree_strncasecmp().Jeff Davis
Previously, the API for ltree_strncasecmp() took two inputs but only one length (that of the smaller input). It truncated the larger input to that length, but that could break a multibyte sequence. Change the API to be a check for prefix equality (possibly case-insensitive) instead, which is all that's needed by the callers. Also, provide the lengths of both inputs. Reviewed-by: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/5f65b85740197ba6249ea507cddf609f84a6188b.camel%40j-davis.com Backpatch-through: 14
39 hoursAllow passing a pointer to GetNamedDSMSegment()'s init callback.Nathan Bossart
This commit adds a new "void *arg" parameter to GetNamedDSMSegment() that is passed to the initialization callback function. This is useful for reusing an initialization callback function for multiple DSM segments. Author: Zsolt Parragi <zsolt.parragi@percona.com> Reviewed-by: Sami Imseih <samimseih@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAN4CZFMjh8TrT9ZhWgjVTzBDkYZi2a84BnZ8bM%2BfLPuq7Cirzg%40mail.gmail.com
2 dayspageinspect: use index_close() for GiST index relationMichael Paquier
gist_page_items() opens its target relation with index_open(), but closed it using relation_close() instead of index_close(). This was harmless because index_close() and relation_close() do the exact same work, still inconsistent with the rest of the code tree as routines opening and closing a relation based on a relkind are expected to match, at least in name. Author: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAEoWx2=bL41WWcD-4Fxx-buS2Y2G5=9PjkxZbHeFMR6Uy2WNvw@mail.gmail.com
5 daysReplace most StaticAssertStmt() with StaticAssertDecl()Peter Eisentraut
Similar to commit 75f49221c22, it is preferable to use StaticAssertDecl() instead of StaticAssertStmt() when possible. Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CA%2BhUKGKvr0x_oGmQTUkx%3DODgSksT2EtgCA6LmGx_jQFG%3DsDUpg%40mail.gmail.com
6 daysUse palloc_object() and palloc_array(), the last changeMichael Paquier
This is the last batch of changes that have been suggested by the author, this part covering the non-trivial changes. Some of the changes suggested have been discarded as they seem to lead to more instructions generated, leaving the parts that can be qualified as in-place replacements. Similar work has been done in 1b105f9472bd, 0c3c5c3b06a3 and 31d3847a37be. Author: David Geier <geidav.pg@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/ad0748d4-3080-436e-b0bc-ac8f86a3466a@gmail.com
6 dayspg_buffercache: Fix memory allocation formulaMichael Paquier
The code over-allocated the memory required for os_page_status, relying on uint64 for its element size instead of an int, hence doubling what was required. This could mean quite a lot of memory if dealing with a lot of NUMA pages. Oversight in ba2a3c2302f1. Author: David Geier <geidav.pg@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/ad0748d4-3080-436e-b0bc-ac8f86a3466a@gmail.com Backpatch-through: 18
8 daysRemove useless casts in format argumentsPeter Eisentraut
There were a number of useless casts in format arguments, either where the input to the cast was already in the right type, or seemingly uselessly casting between types instead of just using the right format placeholder to begin with. Reviewed-by: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/07fa29f9-42d7-4aac-8834-197918cbbab6%40eisentraut.org
8 daysClean up int64-related format stringsPeter Eisentraut
Remove some gratuitous uses of INT64_FORMAT. Make use of PRIu64/PRId64 were appropriate, remove unnecessary casts. Reviewed-by: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/07fa29f9-42d7-4aac-8834-197918cbbab6%40eisentraut.org
10 daysRevise APIs for pushJsonbValue() and associated routines.Tom Lane
Instead of passing "JsonbParseState **" to pushJsonbValue(), pass a pointer to a JsonbInState, which will contain the parseState stack pointer as well as other useful fields. Also, instead of returning a JsonbValue pointer that is often meaningless/ignored, return the top-level JsonbValue pointer in the "result" field of the JsonbInState. This involves a lot of (mostly mechanical) edits, but I think the results are notationally cleaner and easier to understand. Certainly the business with sometimes capturing the result of pushJsonbValue() and sometimes not was bug-prone and incapable of mechanical verification. In the new arrangement, JsonbInState.result remains null until we've completed a valid sequence of pushes, so that an incorrect sequence will result in a null-pointer dereference, not mistaken use of a partial result. However, this isn't simply an exercise in prettier notation. The real reason for doing it is to provide a mechanism whereby pushJsonbValue() can be told to construct the JsonbValue tree in a context that is not CurrentMemoryContext. That happens when a non-null "outcontext" is specified in the JsonbInState. No callers exercise that option in this patch, but the next patch in the series will make use of it. I tried to improve the comments in this area too. Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Reviewed-by: jian he <jian.universality@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/1060917.1753202222@sss.pgh.pa.us
12 daysUse more palloc_object() and palloc_array() in contrib/Michael Paquier
The idea is to encourage more the use of these new routines across the tree, as these offer stronger type safety guarantees than palloc(). In an ideal world, palloc() would then act as an internal routine of these flavors, whose footprint in the tree is minimal. The patch sent by the author is very large, and this chunk of changes represents something like 10% of the overall patch submitted. The code compiled is the same before and after this commit, using objdump to do some validation with a difference taken in-between. There are some diffs, which are caused by changes in line numbers because some of the new allocation formulas are shorter, for the following files: trgm_regexp.c, xpath.c and pg_walinspect.c. Author: David Geier <geidav.pg@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/ad0748d4-3080-436e-b0bc-ac8f86a3466a@gmail.com
12 daysRename column slotsync_skip_at to slotsync_last_skip.Amit Kapila
Commit 76b78721ca introduced two new columns in pg_stat_replication_slots to improve monitoring of slot synchronization. One of these columns was named slotsync_skip_at, which is inconsistent with the naming convention used for similar columns in other system views. Columns that store timestamps of the most recent event typically use the 'last_' in the column name (e.g., last_autovacuum, checksum_last_failure). Renaming slotsync_skip_at to slotsync_last_skip aligns with this pattern, making the purpose of the column clearer and improving overall consistency across the views. Author: Shlok Kyal <shlok.kyal.oss@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Michael Banck <mbanck@gmx.net> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20251128091552.GB13635@p46.dedyn.io;lightning.p46.dedyn.io Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAE9k0PkhfKrTEAsGz4DjOhEj1nQ+hbQVfvWUxNacD38ibW3a1g@mail.gmail.com
13 daysRemove no longer needed casts from PointerPeter Eisentraut
These casts used to be required when Pointer was char *, but now it's void * (commit 1b2bb5077e9), so they are not needed anymore. Author: Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker <ilmari@ilmari.org> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/4154950a-47ae-4223-bd01-1235cc50e933%40eisentraut.org
13 daysRemove no longer needed casts to PointerPeter Eisentraut
These casts used to be required when Pointer was char *, but now it's void * (commit 1b2bb5077e9), so they are not needed anymore. Reviewed-by: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/4154950a-47ae-4223-bd01-1235cc50e933%40eisentraut.org
13 daysamcheck: Fix snapshot usage in bt_index_parent_checkÁlvaro Herrera
We were using SnapshotAny to do some index checks, but that's wrong and causes spurious errors when used on indexes created by CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY. Fix it to use an MVCC snapshot, and add a test for it. This problem came in with commit 5ae2087202af, which introduced uniqueness check. Backpatch to 17. Author: Mihail Nikalayeu <mihailnikalayeu@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Andrey Borodin <x4mmm@yandex-team.ru> Backpatch-through: 17 Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CANtu0ojmVd27fEhfpST7RG2KZvwkX=dMyKUqg0KM87FkOSdz8Q@mail.gmail.com
14 daysFix stray references to SubscriptRefPeter Eisentraut
This type never existed. SubscriptingRef was meant instead. Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/2eaa45e3-efc5-4d75-b082-f8159f51445f%40eisentraut.org
2025-12-03Don't rely on pointer arithmetic with Pointer typePeter Eisentraut
The comment for the Pointer type says 'XXX Pointer arithmetic is done with this, so it can't be void * under "true" ANSI compilers.'. This fixes that. Change from Pointer to use char * explicitly where pointer arithmetic is needed. This makes the meaning of the code clearer locally and removes a dependency on the actual definition of the Pointer type. (The definition of the Pointer type is not changed in this commit.) Reviewed-by: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/4154950a-47ae-4223-bd01-1235cc50e933%40eisentraut.org
2025-12-03Remove useless casts to PointerPeter Eisentraut
in arguments of memcpy() and memmove() calls Reviewed-by: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/4154950a-47ae-4223-bd01-1235cc50e933%40eisentraut.org
2025-12-02Fix amcheck's handling of half-dead B-tree pagesHeikki Linnakangas
amcheck incorrectly reported the following error if there were any half-dead pages in the index: ERROR: mismatch between parent key and child high key in index "amchecktest_id_idx" It's expected that a half-dead page does not have a downlink in the parent level, so skip the test. Reported-by: Konstantin Knizhnik <knizhnik@garret.ru> Reviewed-by: Peter Geoghegan <pg@bowt.ie> Reviewed-by: Mihail Nikalayeu <mihailnikalayeu@gmail.com> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/33e39552-6a2a-46f3-8b34-3f9f8004451f@garret.ru Backpatch-through: 14
2025-12-02Fix amcheck's handling of incomplete root splits in B-treeHeikki Linnakangas
When the root page is being split, it's normal that root page according to the metapage is not marked BTP_ROOT. Fix bogus error in amcheck about that case. Reviewed-by: Peter Geoghegan <pg@bowt.ie> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/abd65090-5336-42cc-b768-2bdd66738404@iki.fi Backpatch-through: 14
2025-12-02Remove useless casting to same typePeter Eisentraut
This removes some casts where the input already has the same type as the type specified by the cast. Their presence could cause risks of hiding actual type mismatches in the future or silently discarding qualifiers. It also improves readability. Same kind of idea as 7f798aca1d5 and ef8fe693606. (This does not change all such instances, but only those hand-picked by the author.) Author: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Nathan Bossart <nathandbossart@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <jacob.champion@enterprisedb.com> Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/aSQy2JawavlVlEB0%40ip-10-97-1-34.eu-west-3.compute.internal
2025-12-02Update some timestamp[tz] functions to use soft-error reportingMichael Paquier
This commit updates two functions that convert "timestamptz" to "timestamp", and vice-versa, to use the soft error reporting rather than a their own logic to do the same. These are now named as follows: - timestamp2timestamptz_safe() - timestamptz2timestamp_safe() These functions were suffixed with "_opt_overflow", previously. This shaves some code, as it is possible to detect how a timestamp[tz] overflowed based on the returned value rather than a custom state. It is optionally possible for the callers of these functions to rely on the error generated internally by these functions, depending on the error context. Similar work has been done in d03668ea0566 and 4246a977bad6. Reviewed-by: Amul Sul <sulamul@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/aS09YF2GmVXjAxbJ@paquier.xyz
2025-12-01Switch some date/timestamp functions to use the soft error reportingMichael Paquier
This commit changes some functions related to the data types date and timestamp to use the soft error reporting rather than a custom boolean flag called "overflow", used to let the callers of these functions know if an overflow happens. This results in the removal of some boilerplate code, as it is possible to rely on an error context rather than a custom state, with the possibility to use the error generated inside the functions updated here, if necessary. These functions were suffixed with "_opt_overflow". They are now renamed to use "_safe" as suffix. This work is similar to 4246a977bad6. Author: Amul Sul <sulamul@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Amit Langote <amitlangote09@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAAJ_b95HEmFyzHZfsdPquSHeswcopk8MCG1Q_vn4tVkZ+xxofw@mail.gmail.com
2025-11-28pg_buffercache: Add pg_buffercache_mark_dirty{,_relation,_all}()Michael Paquier
This commit introduces three new functions for marking shared buffers as dirty by using the functions introduced in 9660906dbd69: * pg_buffercache_mark_dirty() for one shared buffer. - pg_buffercache_mark_dirt_relation() for all the shared buffers in a relation. * pg_buffercache_mark_dirty_all() for all the shared buffers in pool. The "_all" and "_relation" flavors are designed to address the inefficiency of repeatedly calling pg_buffercache_mark_dirty() for each individual buffer, which can be time-consuming when dealing with with large shared buffers pool. These functions are intended as developer tools and are available only to superusers. There is no need to bump the version of pg_buffercache, 4b203d499c61 having done this job in this release cycle. Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <byavuz81@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de> Reviewed-by: Aidar Imamov <a.imamov@postgrespro.ru> Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Joseph Koshakow <koshy44@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Reviewed-by: Yuhang Qiu <iamqyh@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Xuneng Zhou <xunengzhou@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ0h_YoSqqutxV6DES1RW8ig6wcA8CR9rJk358YRMxZFmw@mail.gmail.com
2025-11-26Have the planner replace COUNT(ANY) with COUNT(*), when possibleDavid Rowley
This adds SupportRequestSimplifyAggref to allow pg_proc.prosupport functions to receive an Aggref and allow them to determine if there is a way that the Aggref call can be optimized. Also added is a support function to allow transformation of COUNT(ANY) into COUNT(*). This is possible to do when the given "ANY" cannot be NULL and also that there are no ORDER BY / DISTINCT clauses within the Aggref. This is a useful transformation to do as it is common that people write COUNT(1), which until now has added unneeded overhead. When counting a NOT NULL column. The overheads can be worse as that might mean deforming more of the tuple, which for large fact tables may be many columns in. It may be possible to add prosupport functions for other aggregates. We could consider if ORDER BY could be dropped for some calls, e.g. the ORDER BY is quite useless in MAX(c ORDER BY c). There is a little bit of passing fallout from adjusting expr_is_nonnullable() to handle Const which results in a plan change in the aggregates.out regression test. Previously, nothing was able to determine that "One-Time Filter: (100 IS NOT NULL)" was always true, therefore useless to include in the plan. Author: David Rowley <dgrowleyml@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Corey Huinker <corey.huinker@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Matheus Alcantara <matheusssilv97@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAApHDvqGcPTagXpKfH=CrmHBqALpziThJEDs_MrPqjKVeDF9wA@mail.gmail.com
2025-11-25Add slotsync skip statistics.Amit Kapila
This patch adds two new columns to the pg_stat_replication_slots view: slotsync_skip_count - the total number of times a slotsync operation was skipped. slotsync_skip_at - the timestamp of the most recent skip. These additions provide better visibility into replication slot synchronization behavior. A future patch will introduce the slotsync_skip_reason column in pg_replication_slots to capture the reason for skip. Author: Shlok Kyal <shlok.kyal.oss@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: shveta malik <shveta.malik@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Hayato Kuroda <kuroda.hayato@fujitsu.com> Reviewed-by: Ashutosh Sharma <ashu.coek88@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAE9k0PkhfKrTEAsGz4DjOhEj1nQ+hbQVfvWUxNacD38ibW3a1g@mail.gmail.com
2025-11-24pg_buffercache: Add pg_buffercache_os_pagesMichael Paquier
ba2a3c2302f has added a way to check if a buffer is spread across multiple pages with some NUMA information, via a new view pg_buffercache_numa that depends on pg_buffercache_numa_pages(), a SQL function. These can only be queried when support for libnuma exists, generating an error if not. However, it can be useful to know how shared buffers and OS pages map when NUMA is not supported or not available. This commit expands the capabilities around pg_buffercache_numa: - pg_buffercache_numa_pages() is refactored as an internal function, able to optionally process NUMA. Its SQL definition prior to this commit is still around to ensure backward-compatibility with v1.6. - A SQL function called pg_buffercache_os_pages() is added, able to work with or without NUMA. - The view pg_buffercache_numa is redefined to use pg_buffercache_os_pages(). - A new view is added, called pg_buffercache_os_pages. This ignores NUMA for its result processing, for a better efficiency. The implementation is done so as there is no code duplication between the NUMA and non-NUMA views/functions, relying on one internal function that does the job for all of them. The module is bumped to v1.7. Author: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Mircea Cadariu <cadariu.mircea@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/Z/fFA2heH6lpSLlt@ip-10-97-1-34.eu-west-3.compute.internal
2025-11-23pg_buffercache: Remove unused fields from BufferCacheNumaRecMichael Paquier
These fields have been added in commit ba2a3c2302f, and have never been used. While on it, this commit moves a comment that was out of place, improving it. Author: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/aSBOKX6pLJzumbmF@ip-10-97-1-34.eu-west-3.compute.internal
2025-11-18pg_buffercache: Fix incorrect result cast for relforknumberMichael Paquier
pg_buffercache_pages.relforknumber is defined as an int2, but its value was stored with ObjectIdGetDatum() rather than Int16GetDatum() in the result record. Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAExHW5s2_qwSdhKpVnUzjRMf0cf1PvmhUHQDLaFM3QzKbP1OyQ@mail.gmail.com
2025-11-06bufmgr: Allow some buffer state modifications while holding header lockAndres Freund
Until now BufferDesc.state was not allowed to be modified while the buffer header spinlock was held. This meant that operations like unpinning buffers needed to use a CAS loop, waiting for the buffer header spinlock to be released before updating. The benefit of that restriction is that it allowed us to unlock the buffer header spinlock with just a write barrier and an unlocked write (instead of a full atomic operation). That was important to avoid regressions in 48354581a49c. However, since then the hottest buffer header spinlock uses have been replaced with atomic operations (in particular, the most common use of PinBuffer_Locked(), in GetVictimBuffer() (formerly in BufferAlloc()), has been removed in 5e899859287). This change will allow, in a subsequent commit, to release buffer pins with a single atomic-sub operation. This previously was not possible while such operations were not allowed while the buffer header spinlock was held, as an atomic-sub would not have allowed a race-free check for the buffer header lock being held. Using atomic-sub to unpin buffers is a nice scalability win, however it is not the primary motivation for this change (although it would be sufficient). The primary motivation is that we would like to merge the buffer content lock into BufferDesc.state, which will result in more frequent changes of the state variable, which in some situations can cause a performance regression, due to an increased CAS failure rate when unpinning buffers. The regression entirely vanishes when using atomic-sub. Naively implementing this would require putting CAS loops in every place modifying the buffer state while holding the buffer header lock. To avoid that, introduce UnlockBufHdrExt(), which can set/add flags as well as the refcount, together with releasing the lock. Reviewed-by: Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Matthias van de Meent <boekewurm+postgres@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/fvfmkr5kk4nyex56ejgxj3uzi63isfxovp2biecb4bspbjrze7@az2pljabhnff
2025-11-06Use XLogRecPtrIsValid() in various placesÁlvaro Herrera
Now that commit 06edbed47862 has introduced XLogRecPtrIsValid(), we can use that instead of: - XLogRecPtrIsInvalid() - direct comparisons with InvalidXLogRecPtr - direct comparisons with literal 0 This makes the code more consistent. Author: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/aQB7EvGqrbZXrMlg@ip-10-97-1-34.eu-west-3.compute.internal
2025-11-06postgres_fdw: Add more test coverage for EvalPlanQual testing.Etsuro Fujita
postgres_fdw supports EvalPlanQual testing by using the infrastructure provided by the core with the RecheckForeignScan callback routine (cf. commits 5fc4c26db and 385f337c9), but there has been no test coverage for that, except that recent commit 12609fbac, which fixed an issue in commit 385f337c9, added a test case to exercise only a code path added by that commit to the core infrastructure. So let's add test cases to exercise other code paths as well at this time. Like commit 12609fbac, back-patch to all supported branches. Reported-by: Masahiko Sawada <sawada.mshk@gmail.com> Author: Etsuro Fujita <etsuro.fujita@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAPmGK15%2B6H%3DkDA%3D-y3Y28OAPY7fbAdyMosVofZZ%2BNc769epVTQ%40mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 13
2025-11-06Use stack allocated StringInfoDatas, where possibleDavid Rowley
Various places that were using StringInfo but didn't need that StringInfo to exist beyond the scope of the function were using makeStringInfo(), which allocates both a StringInfoData and the buffer it uses as two separate allocations. It's more efficient for these cases to use a StringInfoData on the stack and initialize it with initStringInfo(), which only allocates the string buffer. This also simplifies the cleanup, in a few cases. Author: Mats Kindahl <mats.kindahl@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: David Rowley <dgrowleyml@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/4379aac8-26f1-42f2-a356-ff0e886228d3@gmail.com
2025-11-01Fix contrib/ltree's subpath() with negative offset.Tom Lane
subpath(ltree,offset,len) now correctly errors when given an offset less than -n, where n is the number of labels in the given ltree. There was a duplicate block of code that allowed an offset as low as -2n. The documentation says no such thing, so this must have been a copy-and-paste error in the original ltree patch. While here, avoid redundant calculation of "end" and write LTREE_MAX_LEVELS rather than its hard-coded value. Author: Marcus Gartner <m.a.gartner@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAAUGV_SvBO9gWYbaejb9nhe-mS9FkNP4QADNTdM3wdRhvLobwA@mail.gmail.com
2025-10-30Fix some confusing uses of constPeter Eisentraut
There are a few places where we have typedef struct FooData { ... } FooData; typedef FooData *Foo; and then function declarations with bar(const Foo x) which isn't incorrect but probably meant bar(const FooData *x) meaning that the thing x points to is immutable, not x itself. This patch makes those changes where appropriate. In one case (execGrouping.c), the thing being pointed to was not immutable, so in that case remove the const altogether, to avoid further confusion. Co-authored-by: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/CAEoWx2m2E0xE8Kvbkv31ULh_E%2B5zph-WA_bEdv3UR9CLhw%2B3vg%40mail.gmail.com Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/CAEoWx2kTDz%3Db6T2xHX78vy_B_osDeCC5dcTCi9eG0vXHp5QpdQ%40mail.gmail.com
2025-10-29pg_stat_statements: Fix handling of duplicate constant locationsÁlvaro Herrera
Two or more constants can have the same location. We handled this correctly for non squashed constants, but failed to do it if squashed (resulting in out-of-bounds memory access), because the code structure became broken by commit 0f65f3eec478: we failed to update 'last_loc' correctly when skipping these squashed constants. The simplest fix seems to be to get rid of 'last_loc' altogether -- in hindsight, it's quite pointless. Also, when ignoring a constant because of this, make sure to fulfill fill_in_constant_lengths's duty of setting its length to -1. Lastly, we can use == instead of <= because the locations have been sorted beforehand, so the < case cannot arise. Co-authored-by: Sami Imseih <samimseih@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Dmitry Dolgov <9erthalion6@gmail.com> Reported-by: Konstantin Knizhnik <knizhnik@garret.ru> Backpatch-through: 18 Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/2b91e358-0d99-43f7-be44-d2d4dbce37b3%40garret.ru
2025-10-23Update expected output for contrib/sepgsql's regression tests.Tom Lane
Commit 65281391a caused some additional error context lines to appear in the output of one test case. That's fine, but we missed updating the expected output. Do it now. While here, add some missing test-output subdirectories to contrib/sepgsql/.gitignore, so that we don't get git warnings after running the tests. Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/1613232.1761255361@sss.pgh.pa.us Backpatch-through: 18
2025-10-21Use CompactAttribute more often, when possibleDavid Rowley
5983a4cff added CompactAttribute for storing commonly used fields from FormData_pg_attribute. 5983a4cff didn't go to the trouble of adjusting every location where we can use CompactAttribute rather than FormData_pg_attribute, so here we change the remaining ones. There are some locations where I've left the code using FormData_pg_attribute. These are mostly in the ALTER TABLE code. Using CompactAttribute here seems more risky as often the TupleDesc is being changed and those changes may not have been flushed to the CompactAttribute yet. I've also left record_recv(), record_send(), record_cmp(), record_eq() and record_image_eq() alone as it's not clear to me that accessing the CompactAttribute is a win here due to the FormData_pg_attribute still having to be accessed for most cases. Switching the relevant parts to use CompactAttribute would result in having to access both for common cases. Careful benchmarking may reveal that something can be done to make this better, but in absence of that, the safer option is to leave these alone. In ReorderBufferToastReplace(), there was a check to skip attnums < 0 while looping over the TupleDesc. Doing this is redundant since TupleDescs don't store < 0 attnums. Removing that code allows us to move to using CompactAttribute. The change in validateDomainCheckConstraint() just moves fetching the FormData_pg_attribute into the ERROR path, which is cold due to calling errstart_cold() and results in code being moved out of the common path. Author: David Rowley <dgrowleyml@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAApHDvrMy90o1Lgkt31F82tcSuwRFHq3vyGewSRN=-QuSEEvyQ@mail.gmail.com
2025-10-20Support COPY TO for partitioned tables.Masahiko Sawada
Previously, COPY TO command didn't support directly specifying partitioned tables so users had to use COPY (SELECT ...) TO variant. This commit adds direct COPY TO support for partitioned tables, improving both usability and performance. Performance tests show it's faster than the COPY (SELECT ...) TO variant as it avoids the overheads of query processing and sending results to the COPY TO command. When used with partitioned tables, COPY TO copies the same rows as SELECT * FROM table. Row-level security policies of the partitioned table are applied in the same way as when executing COPY TO on a plain table. Author: jian he <jian.universality@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: vignesh C <vignesh21@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: David Rowley <dgrowleyml@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Melih Mutlu <m.melihmutlu@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Kirill Reshke <reshkekirill@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Atsushi Torikoshi <torikoshia@oss.nttdata.com> Reviewed-by: Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@kurilemu.de> Reviewed-by: Masahiko Sawada <sawada.mshk@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CACJufxEZt%2BG19Ors3bQUq-42-61__C%3Dy5k2wk%3DsHEFRusu7%3DiQ%40mail.gmail.com
2025-10-18Allow role created by new test to log in on Windows.Tom Lane
We must tell init about each role name we plan to connect as, else SSPI auth fails. Similar to previous patches such as 14793f471, 973542866. Oversight in 208927e65, per buildfarm member drongo. (Although that was back-patched to v13, the test script only exists in v16 and up.)
2025-10-17Fix privilege checks for pg_prewarm() on indexes.Nathan Bossart
pg_prewarm() currently checks for SELECT privileges on the target relation. However, indexes do not have access rights of their own, so a role may be denied permission to prewarm an index despite having the SELECT privilege on its parent table. This commit fixes this by locking the parent table before the index (to avoid deadlocks) and checking for SELECT on the parent table. Note that the code is largely borrowed from amcheck_lock_relation_and_check(). An obvious downside of this change is the extra AccessShareLock on the parent table during prewarming, but that isn't expected to cause too much trouble in practice. Author: Ayush Vatsa <ayushvatsa1810@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Nathan Bossart <nathandbossart@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Reviewed-by: Jeff Davis <pgsql@j-davis.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CACX%2BKaMz2ZoOojh0nQ6QNBYx8Ak1Dkoko%3DD4FSb80BYW%2Bo8CHQ%40mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 13
2025-10-17Improve TAP tests by replacing ok() with better Test::More functionsMichael Paquier
The TAP tests whose ok() calls are changed in this commit were relying on perl operators, rather than equivalents available in Test::More. For example, rather than the following: ok($data =~ qr/expr/m, "expr matching"); ok($data !~ qr/expr/m, "expr not matching"); The new test code uses this equivalent: like($data, qr/expr/m, "expr matching"); unlike($data, qr/expr/m, "expr not matching"); A huge benefit of the new formulation is that it is possible to know about the values we are checking if a failure happens, making debugging easier, should the test runs happen in the buildfarm, in the CI or locally. This change leads to more test code overall as perltidy likes to make the code pretty the way it is in this commit. Author: Sadhuprasad Patro <b.sadhu@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAFF0-CHhwNx_Cv2uy7tKjODUbeOgPrJpW4Rpf1jqB16_1bU2sg@mail.gmail.com
2025-10-15Fix EvalPlanQual handling of foreign/custom joins in ExecScanFetch.Etsuro Fujita
If inside an EPQ recheck, ExecScanFetch would run the recheck method function for foreign/custom joins even if they aren't descendant nodes in the EPQ recheck plan tree, which is problematic at least in the foreign-join case, because such a foreign join isn't guaranteed to have an alternative local-join plan required for running the recheck method function; in the postgres_fdw case this could lead to a segmentation fault or an assert failure in an assert-enabled build when running the recheck method function. Even if inside an EPQ recheck, any scan nodes that aren't descendant ones in the EPQ recheck plan tree should be normally processed by using the access method function; fix by modifying ExecScanFetch so that if inside an EPQ recheck, it runs the recheck method function for foreign/custom joins that are descendant nodes in the EPQ recheck plan tree as before and runs the access method function for foreign/custom joins that aren't. This fix also adds to postgres_fdw an isolation test for an EPQ recheck that caused issues stated above. Oversight in commit 385f337c9. Reported-by: Kristian Lejao <kristianlejao@gmail.com> Author: Masahiko Sawada <sawada.mshk@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Etsuro Fujita <etsuro.fujita@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Reviewed-by: Etsuro Fujita <etsuro.fujita@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAD21AoBpo6Gx55FBOW+9s5X=nUw3Xpq64v35fpDEKsTERnc4TQ@mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 13
2025-10-14dblink: Avoid locking relation before privilege check.Nathan Bossart
The present coding of dblink's get_rel_from_relname() predates the introduction of RangeVarGetRelidExtended(), which provides a way to check permissions before locking the relation. This commit adjusts get_rel_from_relname() to use that function. Reviewed-by: Jeff Davis <pgsql@j-davis.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/aOgmi6avE6qMw_6t%40nathan
2025-10-08Add mem_exceeded_count column to pg_stat_replication_slots.Masahiko Sawada
This commit introduces a new column mem_exceeded_count to the pg_stat_replication_slots view. This counter tracks how often the memory used by logical decoding exceeds the logical_decoding_work_mem limit. The new statistic helps users determine whether exceeding the logical_decoding_work_mem limit is a rare occurrences or a frequent issue, information that wasn't available through existing statistics. Bumps catversion. Author: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Masahiko Sawada <sawada.mshk@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: shveta malik <shveta.malik@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/978D21E8-9D3B-40EA-A4B1-F87BABE7868C@yesql.se
2025-10-08Add ExplainState argument to pg_plan_query() and planner().Robert Haas
This allows extensions to have access to any data they've stored in the ExplainState during planning. Unfortunately, it won't help with EXPLAIN EXECUTE is used, but since that case is less common, this still seems like an improvement. Since planner() has quite a few arguments now, also add some documentation of those arguments and the return value. Author: Robert Haas <rhaas@postgresql.org> Co-authored-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Reviewed-by: Andrei Lepikhov <lepihov@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: http://postgr.es/m/CA+TgmoYWKHU2hKr62Toyzh-kTDEnMDeLw7gkOOnjL-TnOUq0kQ@mail.gmail.com
2025-10-08Implement Eager AggregationRichard Guo
Eager aggregation is a query optimization technique that partially pushes aggregation past a join, and finalizes it once all the relations are joined. Eager aggregation may reduce the number of input rows to the join and thus could result in a better overall plan. In the current planner architecture, the separation between the scan/join planning phase and the post-scan/join phase means that aggregation steps are not visible when constructing the join tree, limiting the planner's ability to exploit aggregation-aware optimizations. To implement eager aggregation, we collect information about aggregate functions in the targetlist and HAVING clause, along with grouping expressions from the GROUP BY clause, and store it in the PlannerInfo node. During the scan/join planning phase, this information is used to evaluate each base or join relation to determine whether eager aggregation can be applied. If applicable, we create a separate RelOptInfo, referred to as a grouped relation, to represent the partially-aggregated version of the relation and generate grouped paths for it. Grouped relation paths can be generated in two ways. The first method involves adding sorted and hashed partial aggregation paths on top of the non-grouped paths. To limit planning time, we only consider the cheapest or suitably-sorted non-grouped paths in this step. Alternatively, grouped paths can be generated by joining a grouped relation with a non-grouped relation. Joining two grouped relations is currently not supported. To further limit planning time, we currently adopt a strategy where partial aggregation is pushed only to the lowest feasible level in the join tree where it provides a significant reduction in row count. This strategy also helps ensure that all grouped paths for the same grouped relation produce the same set of rows, which is important to support a fundamental assumption of the planner. For the partial aggregation that is pushed down to a non-aggregated relation, we need to consider all expressions from this relation that are involved in upper join clauses and include them in the grouping keys, using compatible operators. This is essential to ensure that an aggregated row from the partial aggregation matches the other side of the join if and only if each row in the partial group does. This ensures that all rows within the same partial group share the same "destiny", which is crucial for maintaining correctness. One restriction is that we cannot push partial aggregation down to a relation that is in the nullable side of an outer join, because the NULL-extended rows produced by the outer join would not be available when we perform the partial aggregation, while with a non-eager-aggregation plan these rows are available for the top-level aggregation. Pushing partial aggregation in this case may result in the rows being grouped differently than expected, or produce incorrect values from the aggregate functions. If we have generated a grouped relation for the topmost join relation, we finalize its paths at the end. The final paths will compete in the usual way with paths built from regular planning. The patch was originally proposed by Antonin Houska in 2017. This commit reworks various important aspects and rewrites most of the current code. However, the original patch and reviews were very useful. Author: Richard Guo <guofenglinux@gmail.com> Author: Antonin Houska <ah@cybertec.at> (in an older version) Reviewed-by: Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Jian He <jian.universality@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Tender Wang <tndrwang@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Matheus Alcantara <matheusssilv97@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Reviewed-by: David Rowley <dgrowleyml@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Tomas Vondra <tomas@vondra.me> (in an older version) Reviewed-by: Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com> (in an older version) Reviewed-by: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com> (in an older version) Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAMbWs48jzLrPt1J_00ZcPZXWUQKawQOFE8ROc-ADiYqsqrpBNw@mail.gmail.com
2025-10-07Assign each subquery a unique name prior to planning it.Robert Haas
Previously, subqueries were given names only after they were planned, which makes it difficult to use information from a previous execution of the query to guide future planning. If, for example, you knew something about how you want "InitPlan 2" to be planned, you won't know whether the subquery you're currently planning will end up being "InitPlan 2" until after you've finished planning it, by which point it's too late to use the information that you had. To fix this, assign each subplan a unique name before we begin planning it. To improve consistency, use textual names for all subplans, rather than, as we did previously, a mix of numbers (such as "InitPlan 1") and names (such as "CTE foo"), and make sure that the same name is never assigned more than once. We adopt the somewhat arbitrary convention of using the type of sublink to set the plan name; for example, a query that previously had two expression sublinks shown as InitPlan 2 and InitPlan 1 will now end up named expr_1 and expr_2. Because names are assigned before rather than after planning, some of the regression test outputs show the numerical part of the name switching positions: what was previously SubPlan 2 was actually the first one encountered, but we finished planning it later. We assign names even to subqueries that aren't shown as such within the EXPLAIN output. These include subqueries that are a FROM clause item or a branch of a set operation, rather than something that will be turned into an InitPlan or SubPlan. The purpose of this is to make sure that, below the topmost query level, there's always a name for each subquery that is stable from one planning cycle to the next (assuming no changes to the query or the database schema). Author: Robert Haas <rhaas@postgresql.org> Co-authored-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Reviewed-by: Alexandra Wang <alexandra.wang.oss@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Richard Guo <guofenglinux@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Reviewed-by: Junwang Zhao <zhjwpku@gmail.com> Discussion: http://postgr.es/m/3641043.1758751399@sss.pgh.pa.us
2025-10-05Don't include access/htup_details.h in executor/tuptable.hÁlvaro Herrera
This is not at all needed; I suspect it was a simple mistake in commit 5408e233f066. It causes htup_details.h to bleed into a huge number of places via execnodes.h. Remove it and fix fallout. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/202510021240.ptc2zl5cvwen@alvherre.pgsql
2025-10-02pgstattuple: Improve reports generated for indexes (hash, gist, btree)Michael Paquier
pgstattuple checks the state of the pages retrieved for gist and hash using some check functions from each index AM, respectively gistcheckpage() and _hash_checkpage(). When these are called, they would fail when bumping on data that is found as incorrect (like opaque area size not matching, or empty pages), contrary to btree that simply discards these cases and continues to aggregate data. Zero pages can happen after a crash, with these AMs being able to do an internal cleanup when these are seen. Also, sporadic failures are annoying when doing for example a large-scale diagnostic query based on pgstattuple with a join of pg_class, as it forces one to use tricks like quals to discard hash or gist indexes, or use a PL wrapper able to catch errors. This commit changes the reports generated for btree, gist and hash to be more user-friendly; - When seeing an empty page, report it as free space. This new rule applies to gist and hash, and already applied to btree. - For btree, a check based on the size of BTPageOpaqueData is added. - For gist indexes, gistcheckpage() is not called anymore, replaced by a check based on the size of GISTPageOpaqueData. - For hash indexes, instead of _hash_getbuf_with_strategy(), use a direct call to ReadBufferExtended(), coupled with a check based on HashPageOpaqueData. The opaque area size check was already used. - Pages that do not match these criterias are discarded from the stats reports generated. There have been a couple of bug reports over the years that complained about the current behavior for hash and gist, as being not that useful, with nothing being done about it. Hence this change is backpatched down to v13. Reported-by: Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com> Author: Nitin Motiani <nitinmotiani@google.com> Reviewed-by: Dilip Kumar <dilipbalaut@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAH5HC95gT1J3dRYK4qEnaywG8RqjbwDdt04wuj8p39R=HukayA@mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 13