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17 hoursChange pgstat_report_vacuum() to use RelationMichael Paquier
This change makes pgstat_report_vacuum() more consistent with pgstat_report_analyze(), that also uses a Relation. This enforces a policy that callers of this routine should open and lock the relation whose statistics are updated before calling this routine. We will unlikely have a lot of callers of this routine in the tree, but it seems like a good idea to imply this requirement in the long run. Author: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com> Suggested-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de> Reviewed-by: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/aUEA6UZZkDCQFgSA@ip-10-97-1-34.eu-west-3.compute.internal
3 daysAdd retry logic to pg_sync_replication_slots().Amit Kapila
Previously, pg_sync_replication_slots() would finish without synchronizing slots that didn't meet requirements, rather than failing outright. This could leave some failover slots unsynchronized if required catalog rows or WAL segments were missing or at risk of removal, while the standby continued removing needed data. To address this, the function now waits for the primary slot to advance to a position where all required data is available on the standby before completing synchronization. It retries cyclically until all failover slots that existed on the primary at the start of the call are synchronized. Slots created after the function begins are not included. If the standby is promoted during this wait, the function exits gracefully and the temporary slots will be removed. Author: Ajin Cherian <itsajin@gmail.com> Author: Hou Zhijie <houzj.fnst@fujitsu.com> Reviewed-by: Shveta Malik <shveta.malik@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Japin Li <japinli@hotmail.com> Reviewed-by: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Ashutosh Sharma <ashu.coek88@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Yilin Zhang <jiezhilove@126.com> Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAFPTHDZAA%2BgWDntpa5ucqKKba41%3DtXmoXqN3q4rpjO9cdxgQrw%40mail.gmail.com
3 daysAllow cumulative statistics to read/write auxiliary data from/to diskMichael Paquier
Cumulative stats kinds gain the capability to write additional per-entry data when flushing the stats at shutdown, and read this data when loading back the stats at startup. This can be fit for example in the case of variable-length data (like normalized query strings), so as it becomes possible to link the shared memory stats entries to data that is stored in a different area, like a DSA segment. Three new optional callbacks are added to PgStat_KindInfo, available to variable-numbered stats kinds: * to_serialized_data: writes auxiliary data for an entry. * from_serialized_data: reads auxiliary data for an entry. * finish: performs actions after read/write/discard operations. This is invoked after processing all the entries of a kind, allowing extensions to close file handles and clean up resources. Stats kinds have the option to store this data in the existing pgstats file, but can as well store it in one or more additional files whose names can be built upon the entry keys. The new serialized callbacks are called once an entry key is read or written from the main stats file. A file descriptor to the main pgstats file is available in the arguments of the callbacks. Author: Sami Imseih <samimseih@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Reviewed-by: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAA5RZ0s9SDOu+Z6veoJCHWk+kDeTktAtC-KY9fQ9Z6BJdDUirQ@mail.gmail.com
8 daysUse palloc_object() and palloc_array() in backend codeMichael Paquier
The idea is to encourage more the use of these new routines across the tree, as these offer stronger type safety guarantees than palloc(). This batch of changes includes most of the trivial changes suggested by the author for src/backend/. A total of 334 files are updated here. Among these files, 48 of them have their build change slightly; these are caused by line number changes as the new allocation formulas are simpler, shaving around 100 lines of code in total. Similar work has been done in 0c3c5c3b06a3 and 31d3847a37be. Author: David Geier <geidav.pg@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/ad0748d4-3080-436e-b0bc-ac8f86a3466a@gmail.com
8 daysAdd wait event for the group commit delay before WAL flushHeikki Linnakangas
Author: Rafia Sabih <rafia.pghackers@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Sami Imseih <samimseih@gmail.com> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/CA%2BFpmFf-hWXtrC0Q3Cr_Xo78zuP_M_VC5xgWPOYOkwqOD0T8eg@mail.gmail.com
13 daysRename column slotsync_skip_at to slotsync_last_skip.Amit Kapila
Commit 76b78721ca introduced two new columns in pg_stat_replication_slots to improve monitoring of slot synchronization. One of these columns was named slotsync_skip_at, which is inconsistent with the naming convention used for similar columns in other system views. Columns that store timestamps of the most recent event typically use the 'last_' in the column name (e.g., last_autovacuum, checksum_last_failure). Renaming slotsync_skip_at to slotsync_last_skip aligns with this pattern, making the purpose of the column clearer and improving overall consistency across the views. Author: Shlok Kyal <shlok.kyal.oss@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Michael Banck <mbanck@gmx.net> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20251128091552.GB13635@p46.dedyn.io;lightning.p46.dedyn.io Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAE9k0PkhfKrTEAsGz4DjOhEj1nQ+hbQVfvWUxNacD38ibW3a1g@mail.gmail.com
14 daysRename BUFFERPIN wait event class to BUFFERAndres Freund
In an upcoming patch more wait events will be added to the wait event class (for buffer locking), making the current name too specific. Alternatively we could introduce a dedicated wait event class for those, but it seems somewhat confusing to have a BUFFERPIN and a BUFFER wait event class. Reviewed-by: Melanie Plageman <melanieplageman@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/fvfmkr5kk4nyex56ejgxj3uzi63isfxovp2biecb4bspbjrze7@az2pljabhnff
2025-11-28Add slotsync_skip_reason column to pg_replication_slots view.Amit Kapila
Introduce a new column, slotsync_skip_reason, in the pg_replication_slots view. This column records the reason why the last slot synchronization was skipped. It is primarily relevant for logical replication slots on standby servers where the 'synced' field is true. The value is NULL when synchronization succeeds. Author: Shlok Kyal <shlok.kyal.oss@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: shveta malik <shveta.malik@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Hayato Kuroda <kuroda.hayato@fujitsu.com> Reviewed-by: Ashutosh Sharma <ashu.coek88@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Hou Zhijie <houzj.fnst@fujitsu.com> Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAE9k0PkhfKrTEAsGz4DjOhEj1nQ+hbQVfvWUxNacD38ibW3a1g@mail.gmail.com
2025-11-25Add slotsync skip statistics.Amit Kapila
This patch adds two new columns to the pg_stat_replication_slots view: slotsync_skip_count - the total number of times a slotsync operation was skipped. slotsync_skip_at - the timestamp of the most recent skip. These additions provide better visibility into replication slot synchronization behavior. A future patch will introduce the slotsync_skip_reason column in pg_replication_slots to capture the reason for skip. Author: Shlok Kyal <shlok.kyal.oss@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: shveta malik <shveta.malik@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Hayato Kuroda <kuroda.hayato@fujitsu.com> Reviewed-by: Ashutosh Sharma <ashu.coek88@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAE9k0PkhfKrTEAsGz4DjOhEj1nQ+hbQVfvWUxNacD38ibW3a1g@mail.gmail.com
2025-11-25Rename routines for write/read of pgstats fileMichael Paquier
This commit renames write_chunk and read_chunk to respectively pgstat_write_chunk() and pgstat_read_chunk(), along with the *_s convenience macros. These are made available for plug-ins, so as any code that decides to write and/or read stats data can rely on a single code path for this work. Extracted from a larger patch by the same author. Author: Sami Imseih <samimseih@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAA5RZ0s9SDOu+Z6veoJCHWk+kDeTktAtC-KY9fQ9Z6BJdDUirQ@mail.gmail.com
2025-11-18Rename two columns in pg_stat_subscription_stats.Amit Kapila
This patch renames the sync_error_count column to sync_table_error_count in the pg_stat_subscription_stats view. The new name makes the purpose explicit now that a separate column exists to track sequence synchronization errors. Additionally, the column seq_sync_error_count is renamed to sync_seq_error_count to maintain a consistent naming pattern, making it easier for users to group, and query synchronization related counters. Author: Vignesh C <vignesh21@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Peter Smith <smithpb2250@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CALDaNm3WwJmz=-4ybTkhniB-Nf3qmFG9Zx1uKjyLLoPF5NYYXA@mail.gmail.com
2025-11-07Add seq_sync_error_count to subscription statistics.Amit Kapila
This commit adds a new column, seq_sync_error_count, to the pg_stat_subscription_stats view. This counter tracks the number of errors encountered by the sequence synchronization worker during operation. Since a single worker handles the synchronization of all sequences, this value may reflect errors from multiple sequences. This addition improves observability of sequence synchronization behavior and helps monitor potential issues during replication. Author: Vignesh C <vignesh21@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: shveta malik <shveta.malik@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Peter Smith <smithpb2250@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAA4eK1LC+KJiAkSrpE_NwvNdidw9F2os7GERUeSxSKv71gXysQ@mail.gmail.com
2025-11-05Add infrastructure for efficient LSN waitingAlexander Korotkov
Implement a new facility that allows processes to wait for WAL to reach specific LSNs, both on primary (waiting for flush) and standby (waiting for replay) servers. The implementation uses shared memory with per-backend information organized into pairing heaps, allowing O(1) access to the minimum waited LSN. This enables fast-path checks: after replaying or flushing WAL, the startup process or WAL writer can quickly determine if any waiters need to be awakened. Key components: - New xlogwait.c/h module with WaitForLSNReplay() and WaitForLSNFlush() - Separate pairing heaps for replay and flush waiters - WaitLSN lightweight lock for coordinating shared state - Wait events WAIT_FOR_WAL_REPLAY and WAIT_FOR_WAL_FLUSH for monitoring This infrastructure can be used by features that need to wait for WAL operations to complete. Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAPpHfdsjtZLVzxjGT8rJHCYbM0D5dwkO+BBjcirozJ6nYbOW8Q@mail.gmail.com Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CABPTF7UNft368x-RgOXkfj475OwEbp%2BVVO-wEXz7StgjD_%3D6sw%40mail.gmail.com Author: Kartyshov Ivan <i.kartyshov@postgrespro.ru> Author: Alexander Korotkov <aekorotkov@gmail.com> Author: Xuneng Zhou <xunengzhou@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <peter.eisentraut@enterprisedb.com> Reviewed-by: Dilip Kumar <dilipbalaut@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Alexander Lakhin <exclusion@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Bharath Rupireddy <bharath.rupireddyforpostgres@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Euler Taveira <euler@eulerto.com> Reviewed-by: Heikki Linnakangas <hlinnaka@iki.fi> Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Xuneng Zhou <xunengzhou@gmail.com>
2025-10-28Add wal_fpi_bytes to pg_stat_wal and pg_stat_get_backend_wal()Michael Paquier
This new counter, called "wal_fpi_bytes", tracks the total amount in bytes of full page images (FPIs) generated in WAL. This data becomes available globally via pg_stat_wal, and for backend statistics via pg_stat_get_backend_wal(). Previously, this information could only be retrieved with pg_waldump or pg_walinspect, which may not be available depending on the environment, and are expensive to execute. It offers hints about how much FPIs impact the WAL generated, which could be a large percentage for some workloads, as well as the effects of wal_compression or page holes. Bump catalog version. Bump PGSTAT_FILE_FORMAT_ID, due to the addition of wal_fpi_bytes in PgStat_WalCounters. Author: Shinya Kato <shinya11.kato@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAOzEurQtZEAfg6P0kU3Wa-f9BWQOi0RzJEMPN56wNTOmJLmfaQ@mail.gmail.com
2025-10-08Add mem_exceeded_count column to pg_stat_replication_slots.Masahiko Sawada
This commit introduces a new column mem_exceeded_count to the pg_stat_replication_slots view. This counter tracks how often the memory used by logical decoding exceeds the logical_decoding_work_mem limit. The new statistic helps users determine whether exceeding the logical_decoding_work_mem limit is a rare occurrences or a frequent issue, information that wasn't available through existing statistics. Bumps catversion. Author: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Masahiko Sawada <sawada.mshk@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: shveta malik <shveta.malik@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/978D21E8-9D3B-40EA-A4B1-F87BABE7868C@yesql.se
2025-10-08Add stats_reset to pg_stat_user_functionsMichael Paquier
It is possible to call pg_stat_reset_single_function_counters() for a single function, but the reset time was missing the system view showing its statistics. Like all the fields of pg_stat_user_functions, the GUC track_functions needs to be enabled to show the statistics about function executions. Bump catalog version. Bump PGSTAT_FILE_FORMAT_ID, as a result of the new field added to PgStat_StatFuncEntry. Author: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/aONjnsaJSx-nEdfU@paquier.xyz
2025-10-06Add stats_reset to pg_stat_all_{tables,indexes} and related viewsMichael Paquier
It is possible to call pg_stat_reset_single_table_counters() on a relation (index or table) but the reset time was missing from the system views showing their statistics. This commit adds the reset time as an attribute of pg_stat_all_tables, pg_stat_all_indexes, and other relations related to them. Bump catalog version. Bump PGSTAT_FILE_FORMAT_ID, as a result of the new field added to PgStat_StatTabEntry. Author: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Sami Imseih <samimseih@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/aN8l182jKxEq1h9f@paquier.xyz
2025-09-30Fix typo in pgstat_relation.c header commentDavid Rowley
Looks like a copy and paste error from pgstat_function.c Author: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/aNuaVMAdTGbgBgqh@ip-10-97-1-34.eu-west-3.compute.internal
2025-09-28Add support for tracking of entry count in pgstatsMichael Paquier
Stats kinds can set a new option called "track_entry_count" (disabled by default, available for variable-numbered stats) that will make pgstats track the number of entries that exist in its shared hashtable. As there is only one code path where a new entry is added, and one code path where entries are freed, the count tracking is straight-forward in its implementation. Reads of these counters are optimistic, and may change across two calls. The counter is incremented when an entry is created (not when reused), and is decremented when an entry is freed from the hashtable (marked for drop with its refcount reaching 0), which is something that pgstats decides internally. A first use case of this facility would be pg_stat_statements, where we need to be able to cap the number of entries that would be stored in the shared hashtable, based on its "max" GUC. The module currently relies on hash_get_num_entries(), which offers a cheap way to count how many entries are in its hash table, but we cannot do that in pgstats for variable-sized stats kinds as a single hashtable is used for all the stats kinds. Independently of PGSS, this is useful for other custom stats kinds that want to cap, control, or track the number of entries they have, without depending on a potentially expensive sequential scan to know the number of entries while holding an extra exclusive lock. Author: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Reviewed-by: Sami Imseih <samimseih@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Keisuke Kuroda <keisuke.kuroda.3862@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/aMPKWR81KT5UXvEr@paquier.xyz
2025-09-25Don't include execnodes.h in replication/conflict.hÁlvaro Herrera
... which silently propagates a lot of headers into many places via pgstat.h, as evidenced by the variety of headers that this patch needs to add to seemingly random places. Add a minimum of typedefs to conflict.h to be able to remove execnodes.h, and fix the fallout. Backpatch to 18, where conflict.h first appeared. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/202509191927.uj2ijwmho7nv@alvherre.pgsql
2025-09-24Fix incorrect option name in usage screenDaniel Gustafsson
The usage screen incorrectly refered to the --docs option as --sgml. Backpatch down to v17 where this script was introduced. Author: Daniel Gustafsson <daniel@yesql.se> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20250729.135638.1148639539103758555.horikyota.ntt@gmail.com Backpatch-through: 17
2025-09-24Consistently handle tab delimiters for wait event namesDaniel Gustafsson
Format validation and element extraction for intermediate line strings were inconsistent in their handling of tab delimiters, which resulted in an unclear error when multiple tab characters were used as a delimiter. This fixes it by using captures from the validation regex instead of a separate split() to avoid the inconsistency. Also, it ensures that \t+ is used consistently when inspecting the strings. Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Daniel Gustafsson <daniel@yesql.se> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20250729.135638.1148639539103758555.horikyota.ntt@gmail.com
2025-09-19Document and check that PgStat_HashKey has no paddingMichael Paquier
This change is a tighter rework of 7d85d87f4d5c, which tried to improve the code so as it would work should PgStat_HashKey gain new fields that create padding bytes. However, the previous change is proving to not be enough as some code paths of pgstats do not pass PgStat_HashKey by reference (valgrind would warn when padding is added to the structure, through a new field). Per discussion, let's document and check that PgStat_HashKey has no padding rather than try to complicate the code of pgstats so as it is able to work around that. This removes a couple of memset(0) calls that should not be required. While on it, this commit adds a static assertion checking that no padding is introduced in the structure, by checking that the size of PgStat_HashKey matches with the sum of the size of all its fields. The object ID part of the hash key is already 8 bytes, which should be plenty enough already. A comment is added to discourage the addition of new fields. Author: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Reviewed-by: Sami Imseih <samimseih@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAA5RZ0t9omat+HVSakJXwTMWvhpYFcAZb41RPWKwrKFUgmAFBQ@mail.gmail.com
2025-09-08Fix corruption of pgstats shared hashtable due to OOM failuresMichael Paquier
A new pgstats entry is created as a two-step process: - The entry is looked at in the shared hashtable of pgstats, and is inserted if not found. - When not found and inserted, its fields are then initialized. This part include a DSA chunk allocation for the stats data of the new entry. As currently coded, if the DSA chunk allocation fails due to an out-of-memory failure, an ERROR is generated, leaving in the pgstats shared hashtable an inconsistent entry due to the first step, as the entry has already been inserted in the hashtable. These broken entries can then be found by other backends, crashing them. There are only two callers of pgstat_init_entry(), when loading the pgstats file at startup and when creating a new pgstats entry. This commit changes pgstat_init_entry() so as we use dsa_allocate_extended() with DSA_ALLOC_NO_OOM, making it return NULL on allocation failure instead of failing. This way, a backend failing an entry creation can take appropriate cleanup actions in the shared hashtable before throwing an error. Currently, this means removing the entry from the shared hashtable before throwing the error for the allocation failure. Out-of-memory errors unlikely happen in the wild, and we do not bother with back-patches when these are fixed, usually. However, the problem dealt with here is a degree worse as it breaks the shared memory state of pgstats, impacting other processes that may look at an inconsistent entry that a different process has failed to create. Author: Mikhail Kot <mikhail.kot@databricks.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAAi9E7jELo5_-sBENftnc2E8XhW2PKZJWfTC3i2y-GMQd2bcqQ@mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 15
2025-09-04Adjust commentary for WaitEventLWLock in wait_event_names.txt.Nathan Bossart
In addition to changing a couple of references for clarity, this commit combines the two similar comments.
2025-09-03Fix incorrect comment in pgstat_backend.cMichael Paquier
The counters saved from pgWalUsage, used for the difference calculations when flushing the backend WAL stats, are updated when calling pgstat_flush_backend() under PGSTAT_BACKEND_FLUSH_WAL, and not pgstat_report_wal(). The comment updated in this commit referenced the latter, but it is perfectly OK to flush the backend stats independently of the WAL stats. Noticed while looking at this area of the code, introduced by 76def4cdd7c2 as a copy-pasto. Backpatch-through: 18
2025-09-02Generate pgstat_count_slru*() functions for slru using macrosMichael Paquier
This change replaces seven functions definitions by macros, reducing a bit some repetitive patterns in the code. An interesting side effect is that this removes an inconsistency in the naming of SLRU increment functions with the field names. This change is similar to 850f4b4c8cab, 8018ffbf5895 or 83a1a1b56645. Author: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/aLHA//gr4dTpDHHC@ip-10-97-1-34.eu-west-3.compute.internal
2025-08-22Revert "Get rid of WALBufMappingLock"Alexander Korotkov
This reverts commit bc22dc0e0ddc2dcb6043a732415019cc6b6bf683. It appears that conditional variables are not suitable for use inside critical sections. If WaitLatch()/WaitEventSetWaitBlock() face postmaster death, they exit, releasing all locks instead of PANIC. In certain situations, this leads to data corruption. Reported-by: Andrey Borodin <x4mmm@yandex-team.ru> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/B3C69B86-7F82-4111-B97F-0005497BB745%40yandex-team.ru Reviewed-by: Andrey Borodin <x4mmm@yandex-team.ru> Reviewed-by: Aleksander Alekseev <aleksander@tigerdata.com> Reviewed-by: Kirill Reshke <reshkekirill@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Reviewed-by: Thomas Munro <thomas.munro@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Tomas Vondra <tomas@vondra.me> Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de> Reviewed-by: Yura Sokolov <y.sokolov@postgrespro.ru> Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Backpatch-through: 18
2025-08-19Remove useless pointer update in StatsShmemInit()Michael Paquier
This pointer was not used after its last update. This variable assignment was most likely a vestige artifact of the earlier versions of the patch set that have led to 5891c7a8ed8f. This pointer update is useless, so let's remove it. It removes one call to pgstat_dsa_init_size(), making the code slightly easier to grasp. Author: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/aKLsu2sdpnyeuSSc@ip-10-97-1-34.eu-west-3.compute.internal
2025-08-08Remove useless/superfluous Datum conversionsPeter Eisentraut
Remove useless DatumGetFoo() and FooGetDatum() calls. These are places where no conversion from or to Datum was actually happening. We think these extra calls covered here were harmless. Some actual bugs that were discovered during this process have been committed separately (80c758a2e1d, 2242b26ce47). Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/8246d7ff-f4b7-4363-913e-827dadfeb145%40eisentraut.org
2025-08-08Add information about "generation" when dropping twice pgstats entryMichael Paquier
Dropping twice a pgstats entry should not happen, and the error report generated was missing the "generation" counter (tracking when an entry is reused) that has been added in 818119afccd3. Like d92573adcb02, backpatch down to v15 where this information is useful to have, to gather more information from instances where the problem shows up. A report has shown that this error path has been reached on a standby based on 17.3, for a relation stats entry and an OID close to wraparound. Author: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAN4RuQvYth942J2+FcLmJKgdpq6fE5eqyFvb_PuskxF2eL=Wzg@mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 15
2025-07-27Fix performance regression with flush of pending fixed-numbered statsMichael Paquier
The callback added in fc415edf8ca8 used to check if there is any pending data to flush for fixed-numbered statistics, done by looping across all the builtin and custom stats kinds with a call to have_fixed_pending_cb, is proving to able to show in workloads that do not report any stats (read-only, no function calls, no WAL, no IO, etc). The code used in v17 was cheaper than that what HEAD has introduced, relying on three boolean checks for WAL, SLRU and IO stats. This commit switches the code to use a more efficient approach than fc415edf8ca8, with a single boolean flag that can be switched to "true" by any fixed-numbered stats kinds to force pgstat_report_stat() to go through one round of reports. The flag is reset by pgstat_report_stat() once a full round of reports is done. The flag being false means that fixed-numbered stats kinds saw no activity, and that there is no pending data to flush. ac000fca743e took one step in improving the performance by reducing the number of stats kinds that the backend can hold. This commit takes a more drastic step by bringing back the code efficiency to what it was before v18 with a cheap check at the beginning of pgstat_report_stat() for its fast-exit path. The callback have_static_pending_cb is removed as an effect of all that. Reported-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de> Reviewed-by: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/eb224uegsga2hgq7dfq3ps5cduhpqej7ir2hjxzzozjthrekx5@dysei6buqthe Backpatch-through: 18
2025-07-23Cross-check lists of built-in LWLock tranches.Nathan Bossart
lwlock.c, lwlock.h, and wait_event_names.txt each contain a list of built-in LWLock tranches. It is easy to miss one or the other when adding or removing tranches, and discrepancies have adverse effects (e.g., breaking JOINs between pg_stat_activity and pg_wait_events). This commit moves the lists of built-in tranches in lwlock.{c,h} to lwlocklist.h and adds a cross-check to the script that generates lwlocknames.h. If the lists do not match exactly, building will fail. Author: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/aHpOgwuFQfcFMZ/B%40ip-10-97-1-34.eu-west-3.compute.internal
2025-07-07Integrate FullTransactionIds deeper into two-phase codeMichael Paquier
This refactoring is a follow-up of the work done in 5a1dfde8334b, that has switched 2PC file names to use FullTransactionIds when written on disk. This will help with the integration of a follow-up solution related to the handling of two-phase files during recovery, to address older defects while reading these from disk after a crash. This change is useful in itself as it reduces the need to build the file names from epoch numbers and TransactionIds, because we can use directly FullTransactionIds from which the 2PC file names are guessed. So this avoids a lot of back-and-forth between the FullTransactionIds retrieved from the file names and how these are passed around in the internal 2PC logic. Note that the core of the change is the use of a FullTransactionId instead of a TransactionId in GlobalTransactionData, that tracks 2PC file information in shared memory. The change in TwoPhaseCallback makes this commit unfit for stable branches. Noah has contributed a good chunk of this patch. I have spent some time on it as well while working on the issues with two-phase state files and recovery. Author: Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com> Co-Authored-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/Z5sd5O9JO7NYNK-C@paquier.xyz Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20250116205254.65.nmisch@google.com
2025-06-06Use NULL instead of 0 for pointer arguments.Nathan Bossart
Commit 5fe08c006c fixed this for calls to dshash_create(). This commit fixes calls to dshash_attach() and dsa_create_in_place(). Reviewed-by: Masahiko Sawada <sawada.mshk@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/aECi_gSD9JnVWQ8T%40nathan
2025-05-31Change internal plan ID type from uint64 to int64Michael Paquier
uint64 was chosen to be consistent with the type used by the query ID, but the conclusion of a recent discussion for the query ID is that int64 is a better fit as the signed form is shown to the user, for PGSS or EXPLAIN outputs. This commit changes the plan ID to use int64, following c3eda50b0648 that has done the same for the query ID. The plan ID is new to v18, introduced in 2a0cd38da5cc. Author: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Reviewed-by: Sami Imseih <samimseih@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/aCvzJNwetyEI3Sgo@paquier.xyz
2025-05-30Change internal queryid type from uint64 to int64David Rowley
uint64 was perhaps chosen in cff440d36 as the type was uint32 prior to that widening work. Having this as uint64 doesn't make much sense and just adds the overhead of having to remember that we always output this in its signed form. Let's remove that overhead. The signed form output is seemingly required since we have no way to represent the full range of uint64 in an SQL type. We use BIGINT in places like pg_stat_statements, which maps directly to int64. The release notes "Source Code" section may want to mention this adjustment as some extensions may wish to adjust their code. Author: David Rowley <dgrowleyml@gmail.com> Suggested-by: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org> Reviewed-by: Sami Imseih <samimseih@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/50cb0c8b-994b-48f9-a1c4-13039eb3536b@eisentraut.org
2025-05-29Add AioUringCompletion in wait_event_names.txtMichael Paquier
Oversight in c325a7633fcb, where the LWLock tranche AioUringCompletion has been added. Author: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/aDT5sBOxJTdulXnE@paquier.xyz
2025-05-23Revert function to get memory context stats for processesDaniel Gustafsson
Due to concerns raised about the approach, and memory leaks found in sensitive contexts the functionality is reverted. This reverts commits 45e7e8ca9, f8c115a6c, d2a1ed172, 55ef7abf8 and 042a66291 for v18 with an intent to revisit this patch for v19. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/594293.1747708165@sss.pgh.pa.us
2025-05-03Fix memory allocation/copy mistakes.Etsuro Fujita
The previous code was allocating more memory and copying more data than necessary because it specified the wrong PgStat_KindInfo member as the size argument for MemoryContextAlloc and memcpy, respectively. Although these issues exist since 5891c7a8e, there have been no reports from the field. So for now, it seems sufficient to fix them in master. Author: Etsuro Fujita <etsuro.fujita@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Heikki Linnakangas <hlinnaka@iki.fi> Reviewed-by: Gurjeet Singh <gurjeet@singh.im> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAPmGK15eTRCZTnfgQ4EuBNo%3DQLYGFEbXS_7m2dXqtkcT7L8qrQ%40mail.gmail.com
2025-05-03Fix typos in comments.Etsuro Fujita
Also adjust the phrasing in the comments. Author: Etsuro Fujita <etsuro.fujita@gmail.com> Author: Heikki Linnakangas <hlinnaka@iki.fi> Reviewed-by: Tender Wang <tndrwang@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Gurjeet Singh <gurjeet@singh.im> Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAPmGK17%3DPHSDZ%2B0G6jcj12buyyE1bQQc3sbp1Wxri7tODT-SDw%40mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 15
2025-04-28Remove circular #include's between wait_event.h and wait_event_types.hMichael Paquier
wait_event_types.h is generated by the code, and included wait_event.h. wait_event.h did the opposite move, including wait_event_types.h, causing a circular dependency between both. wait_event_types.h only needs to now about the wait event classes, so this information is moved into its own file, and wait_event_types.h uses this new header so as it does not depend anymore on wait_event.h. Note that such errors can be found with clang-tidy, with commands like this one: clang-tidy source_file.c --checks=misc-header-include-cycle -- \ -I/install/path/include/ -I/install/path/include/server/ Issue introduced by fa88928470b5. Author: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/350192.1745768770@sss.pgh.pa.us
2025-04-24Add sanity check for dshash entries when reading pgstats fileMichael Paquier
Not having this check would produce a core dump at startup when running pgstat_read_statsfile(), in the case where the information of a stats kind for an entry in the dshash could not be found. The same check already happens for fixed-numbered stats and entries that are stored with their names. This issue can be seen with custom stats kinds. Note that this problem can be reproduced what what is in the core code: - Tweak the test module injection_points to not load the fixed-numbered stats part, leaving only the variable-numbered stats. - Create an instance with injection_points defined in shared_preload_libraries. - Create a pgstats entry by attaching and running a point. - Restart the server without shared_preload_libraries. The startup process detects that something is wrong and reports a WARNING. Author: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/aAieZAvM+K1d89R2@ip-10-97-1-34.eu-west-3.compute.internal
2025-04-23Remove assertion based on pending_since in pgstat_report_stat()Michael Paquier
This assertion, based on pending_since (timestamp used to prevent stats reports to be too frequent or should a partial flush happen), is reached when it is found that no data can be flushed but a previous call of pgstat_report_stat() determined that some stats data has been found as in need of a flush. So pending_since is set when some stats data is pending (in non-force mode) or if report attempts are too frequent, and reset to 0 once all stats have been flushed. Since 5cbbe70a9cc6, WAL senders have begun to report their stats on a periodic basis for IO stats in v16~ and backend stats on HEAD, creating some friction with the concurrent pgstat_report_stat() calls that can happen in the context of a WAL sender (shutdown callback doing a final report or backend-related code paths). This problem is the cause of spurious failures in the TAP tests. In theory, this assertion can be also reached in v15, even if that's very unlikely. For example, a process, say a background worker, could do periodic and direct stats flushes with concurrent calls of pgstat_report_stat() that could cause conflicting values of pending_since. This can be done with WAL or SLRU stats flushes using pgstat_flush_wal() or pgstat_slru_flush(). HEAD makes this situation easier to happen with custom cumulative stats. This commit removes the assertion altogether, per discussion, as it is more useful to keep the state of things as they are for the WAL sender. The assertion could use a special state based on for example am_walsender, but I doubt that this would be meaningful in the long run based on the other arguments raised while discussing this issue. Reported-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Reported-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/1489124.1744685908@sss.pgh.pa.us Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/dwrkeszz6czvtkxzr5mqlciy652zau5qqnm3cp5f3p2po74ppk@omg4g3cc6dgq Backpatch-through: 15
2025-04-11Fix recently introduced typosDaniel Gustafsson
This fixes typos in docs and comments introduced during the v18 development cycle, to keep them from ending up in backbranches. Author: Jacob Brazeal <jacob.brazeal@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Daniel Gustafsson <daniel@yesql.se> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA+COZaCgGua25f2hSrjrDLJcJJAHkwoKgTTqUy-wyL1=64JNjw@mail.gmail.com
2025-04-10Add code comment explaining ins_since_vacuum and aborted insertsDavid Rowley
Sami complained that there's a discrepancy between n_mod_since_analyze and n_ins_since_vacuum, as the former only accounts for committed changes and the latter tracks committed and aborted inserts. Nobody seemed overly concerned that this would cause any concerning issues. The repercussions, from what I can tell, are limited to causing an autovacuum to trigger for inserts sooner than it otherwise might. For typical ratios of commits to aborts, it's unlikely to ever be noticed. Fixing things to make it so n_ins_since_vacuum only displays committed inserts would require an additional field in PgStat_TableCounts, which does not quite seem worthwhile at this stage. This commit just adds a comment with some details to mention that we know about it, which will hopefully prevent repeat discussions. Reported-by: Sami Imseih <samimseih@gmail.com> Author: David Rowley <drowleyml@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Sami Imseih <samimseih@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAApHDvpgV3a-R2EGmPOh0L-x3pHbZpM3y4dySWfy+UqUazwDQA@mail.gmail.com
2025-04-08Introduce file_copy_method setting.Thomas Munro
It can be set to either COPY (the default) or CLONE if the system supports it. CLONE causes callers of copydir(), currently CREATE DATABASE ... STRATEGY=FILE_COPY and ALTER DATABASE ... SET TABLESPACE = ..., to use copy_file_range (Linux, FreeBSD) or copyfile (macOS) to copy files instead of a read-write loop over the contents. CLONE gives the kernel the opportunity to share block ranges on copy-on-write file systems and push copying down to storage on others, depending on configuration. On some systems CLONE can be used to clone large databases quickly with CREATE DATABASE ... TEMPLATE=source STRATEGY=FILE_COPY. Other operating systems could be supported; patches welcome. Co-authored-by: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <byavuz81@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Ranier Vilela <ranier.vf@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA%2BhUKGLM%2Bt%2BSwBU-cHeMUXJCOgBxSHLGZutV5zCwY4qrCcE02w%40mail.gmail.com
2025-04-08Add function to get memory context stats for processesDaniel Gustafsson
This adds a function for retrieving memory context statistics and information from backends as well as auxiliary processes. The intended usecase is cluster debugging when under memory pressure or unanticipated memory usage characteristics. When calling the function it sends a signal to the specified process to submit statistics regarding its memory contexts into dynamic shared memory. Each memory context is returned in detail, followed by a cumulative total in case the number of contexts exceed the max allocated amount of shared memory. Each process is limited to use at most 1Mb memory for this. A summary can also be explicitly requested by the user, this will return the TopMemoryContext and a cumulative total of all lower contexts. In order to not block on busy processes the caller specifies the number of seconds during which to retry before timing out. In the case where no statistics are published within the set timeout, the last known statistics are returned, or NULL if no previously published statistics exist. This allows dash- board type queries to continually publish even if the target process is temporarily congested. Context records contain a timestamp to indicate when they were submitted. Author: Rahila Syed <rahilasyed90@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Daniel Gustafsson <daniel@yesql.se> Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de> Reviewed-by: Tomas Vondra <tomas@vondra.me> Reviewed-by: Atsushi Torikoshi <torikoshia@oss.nttdata.com> Reviewed-by: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@oss.nttdata.com> Reviewed-by: Alexander Korotkov <aekorotkov@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAH2L28v8mc9HDt8QoSJ8TRmKau_8FM_HKS41NeO9-6ZAkuZKXw@mail.gmail.com
2025-04-07Fix use-after-free in pgstat_fetch_stat_backend_by_pid()Michael Paquier
stats_fetch_consistency set to "snapshot" causes the backend entry "beentry" retrieved by pgstat_get_beentry_by_proc_number() to be reset at the beginning of pgstat_fetch_stat_backend() when fetching the backend pgstats entry. As coded, "beentry" was being accessed after being freed. This commit moves all the accesses to "beentry" to happen before calling pgstat_fetch_stat_backend(), fixing the problem. This problem could be reached by calling the SQL functions pg_stat_get_backend_io() or pg_stat_get_backend_wal(). Issue caught by valgrind. Reported-by: Alexander Lakhin <exclusion@gmail.com> Author: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/f1788cc0-253a-4a3a-aee0-1b8ab9538736@gmail.com
2025-04-06Use "(void)" to mark pgstat_lock_entry(..., false) calls.Tom Lane
This should silence Coverity's complaints about the result being sometimes ignored. I'm inclined to think that these routines are simply misdesigned, because sometimes it's okay to ignore the result and sometimes it isn't, and we have no way to enforce the latter. But for now I just added a comment.