How to calculate corner positions/marks of a rotated/tilted rectangle?

It is a common technique to rotate a point about a pivot by translating to a coordinate system where the pivot is the origin, then rotating about this origin, then translating back to world coordinates. (A very good explanation of this approach is available at Khan Academy)

However you are not storing your rectangle corners in world coordinates so we can tailor an approach to suit the data you have available.

Cx, Cy // the coordinates of your center point in world coordinates
W      // the width of your rectangle
H      // the height of your rectangle
θ      // the angle you wish to rotate

//The offset of a corner in local coordinates (i.e. relative to the pivot point)
//(which corner will depend on the coordinate reference system used in your environment)
Ox = W / 2
Oy = H / 2

//The rotated position of this corner in world coordinates    
Rx = Cx + (Ox  * cos(θ)) - (Oy * sin(θ))
Ry = Cy + (Ox  * sin(θ)) + (Oy * cos(θ))

This approach can then be easily applied to the other three corners.

Based on the other answers, and to complement them, I managed to create an example with P5 here.

Here is the code, in case you want to access it directly:

function setup() {
createCanvas(400, 400);
}

var count = 0;

function draw() {
  background(250);
  rectMode(CENTER);
  stroke(0,0,255);
  fill(0,0,255);
  count += 1;

  var box1X = 100;
  var box1Y = 100;
  var box2X = 160;
  var box2Y = 100;
  var box1R = count;
  var box2R = -60-count;
  var box1W = 50;
  var box1H = 50;
  var box2W = 50;
  var box2H = 50;

  translate(box1X, box1Y);
  rotate(radians(box1R));
  rect(0, 0, box1W, box1H);
  rotate(radians(-box1R));
  translate(-box1X, -box1Y);

  translate(box2X, box2Y);
  rotate(radians(box2R));
  rect(0, 0, box2W, box2H);
  rotate(radians(-box2R));
  translate(-box2X, -box2Y);

  stroke(255,0,0);
  fill(255,0,0);

  var pointRotated = [];
  pointRotated.push(GetPointRotated(box1X, box1Y, box1R, -box1W/2, box1H/2));  // Dot1
  pointRotated.push(GetPointRotated(box1X, box1Y, box1R, box1W/2, box1H/2));   // Dot2
  pointRotated.push(GetPointRotated(box1X, box1Y, box1R, -box1W/2, -box1H/2)); // Dot3
  pointRotated.push(GetPointRotated(box1X, box1Y, box1R, box1W/2, -box1H/2));  // Dot4
  pointRotated.push(createVector(box1X, box1Y)); // Dot5

  for (var i=0;i<pointRotated.length;i++){
ellipse(pointRotated[i].x,pointRotated[i].y,3,3);
  }
}

function GetPointRotated(X, Y, R, Xos, Yos){
// Xos, Yos // the coordinates of your center point of rect
// R      // the angle you wish to rotate

//The rotated position of this corner in world coordinates    
var rotatedX = X + (Xos  * cos(radians(R))) - (Yos * sin(radians(R)))
var rotatedY = Y + (Xos  * sin(radians(R))) + (Yos * cos(radians(R)))

return createVector(rotatedX, rotatedY)
}

<script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/p5.js/0.3.3/p5.min.js"></script>

Possibly, there is some optimizations available by dividing the problem into two:

• compute the center of the top and the bottom side i. e., center + the rotated height/2.
• compute the corners relative to these center points using the rotated width/2
• Compute the actual sine and cosine once and for all.

Code below, here the rectangle is called ruler. ruler.x, ruler,y is the rectangle center.

/** Middle point on rulers's top side. */
function getRulerTopMiddle(cos, sin) {
    return {
        x : ruler.x + sin * ruler.height/2,
        y : ruler.y - cos * ruler.height/2
    }
 }

/** Middle point on rulers's bottom side. */
function getRulerBottomMiddle(cos, sin) {
    return {
        x : ruler.x - sin * ruler.height/2,
        y : ruler.y + cos * ruler.height/2
    }
 }

/** Update ruler's four corner coordinates. */
function getRulerCorners() {
    const sin = Math.sin(ruler.angle);
    const cos = Math.cos(ruler.angle);
    const topMiddle = getRulerTopMiddle(cos, sin);
    const bottomMiddle = getRulerBottomMiddle(cos, sin);

    ruler.nw = {
        x: topMiddle.x - (cos * ruler.width/2),
        y: topMiddle.y - (sin * ruler.width/2)
    }   
    ruler.ne = {
        x: topMiddle.x + (cos * ruler.width/2),
        y: topMiddle.y + (sin * ruler.width/2)
    }   
    ruler.sw = {
        x: bottomMiddle.x - (cos * ruler.width/2),
        y: bottomMiddle.y - (sin * ruler.width/2)
    }   
    ruler.se = {
        x: bottomMiddle.x + (cos * ruler.width/2),
        y: bottomMiddle.y + (sin * ruler.width/2)
    }
}

Refactoring the code above gives a cleaned up form which also highlights the simple fact that each corner is basically center + height/2 + width/2, with signs as appropriate for each corner. This also holds if you treat height/2 and width/2 as rotated vectors.

Trusting the interpreter to inline the helpers, this should be pretty effective, should we try to benchmark this.

function addPoints(p1, p2) {
    return { x: p1.x + p2.x, y: p1.y + p2.y }
}

function subPoints(p1, p2 ) {
    return { x: p1.x - p2.x, y: p1.y - p2.y }
}

function multPoints(p1, p2 ) {
    return { x: p1.x * p2.x, y: p1.y * p2.y }
}

function getRulerCorners() {
    const sin = Math.sin(ruler.angle);
    const cos = Math.cos(ruler.angle);
    const height = { x: sin * ruler.height/2, y: cos * ruler.height/2 };
    const heightUp = addPoints(ruler, multPoints({x: 1, y :-1}, height));
    const heightDown = addPoints(ruler, multPoints({x: -1, y: 1}, height));
    const width = { x: cos * ruler.width/2, y: sin * ruler.width/2 };
    ruler.nw = subPoints(heightUp, width);
    ruler.ne = addPoints(heightUp, width );
    ruler.sw = subPoints(heightDown, width);
    ruler.se = addPoints(heightDown, width);
}

See the Wikipedia article on rotation. The essence is this:

(1) If c is the center point, then the corners are c + (L/2,W/2), +/- etc., where L and W are the length & width of the rectangle.

(2) Translate the rectangle so that center c is at the origin, by subtracting c from all four corners.

(3) Rotate the rectangle by 40 deg via the trig formulas cited.

(4) Translate back by adding c to each coordinate.

A little late, but here's a compact function I've used. It calculates the top and left points, then just flips them for the opposite corners.

rotatedRect(float x, float y, float halfWidth, float halfHeight, float angle)
{
    float c = cos(angle);
    float s = sin(angle);
    float r1x = -halfWidth * c - halfHeight * s;
    float r1y = -halfWidth * s + halfHeight * c;
    float r2x =  halfWidth * c - halfHeight * s;
    float r2y =  halfWidth * s + halfHeight * c;

    // Returns four points in clockwise order starting from the top left.
    return
        (x + r1x, y + r1y),
        (x + r2x, y + r2y),
        (x - r1x, y - r1y),
        (x - r2x, y - r2y);
}

Old post, but here is another way to do it:

public static Point[] GetRotatedCorners(Rectangle rectangleToRotate, float angle)
{

    // Calculate the center of rectangle.
    Point center = new Point(rectangleToRotate.Left + (rectangleToRotate.Left + rectangleToRotate.Right) / 2, rectangleToRotate.Top + (rectangleToRotate.Top + rectangleToRotate.Bottom) / 2);

    Matrix m = new Matrix();
    // Rotate the center.
    m.RotateAt(360.0f - angle, center);

    // Create an array with rectangle's corners, starting with top-left corner and going clock-wise.
    Point[] corners = new Point[]
        {
            new Point(rectangleToRotate.Left, rectangleToRotate.Top), // Top-left corner.
            new Point(rectangleToRotate.Right, rectangleToRotate.Top),    // Top-right corner.
            new Point(rectangleToRotate.Right, rectangleToRotate.Bottom), // Bottom-right corner.
            new Point(rectangleToRotate.Left, rectangleToRotate.Bottom),  // Botton-left corner
        };

    // Now apply the matrix to every corner of the rectangle.
    m.TransformPoints(corners);

    // Return the corners of rectangle rotated by the provided angle.
    return corners;
}

Hope it helps!