I've created a program using Python on Windows. How do you turn it into Linux executable? To be specific Linux Ubuntu 9.10.
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1Why do you need to make it an executable? Can't you just use the plain Python .py file?David Heffernan– David Heffernan2012-04-29 13:24:03 +00:00Commented Apr 29, 2012 at 13:24
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Because if I use a plain .py file, the computer I run the program on would have to have python and the libraries I use installed. While python should not be a problem because Ubuntu have python with it, the libraries will become problem since I use wx, which is not bundled in Ubuntu's release.絢瀬絵里– 絢瀬絵里2012-04-29 15:12:19 +00:00Commented Apr 29, 2012 at 15:12
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3 Answers
Tendou,
Since I usually develop on a Linux machine, when I need a windows version I often use cx_freeze to make windows binaries, but I also used it to make Linux binaries and it works pretty well (it is multiplatform, something py2exe is not). Like Eli said above, it doesn't really compile, but just bundles the interpreter, byte compiled code and needed libraries into an executable, but you'll get what you want (running on a machine without python pre-installed).
After having installed cx_freeze on a Linux machine, you can try it out with something simple, like this dummy code, which i saved as test.py:
import time
for i in range(10):
print i
time.sleep(1)
Then run cxfreeze to make the binary. The output will look like this:
$ cxfreeze test.py
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/cx_Freeze/bases/Console -> /home/claudio/dist/test
copying /usr/lib/libpython2.6.so.1.0 -> /home/claudio/dist/libpython2.6.so.1.0
writing zip file /home/claudio/dist/test
Name File
---- ----
m StringIO
m UserDict
m __builtin__
m __main__ test.py
m _abcoll
m _codecs
m _codecs_cn /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_codecs_cn.so
m _codecs_hk /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_codecs_hk.so
m _codecs_iso2022 /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_codecs_iso2022.so
m _codecs_jp /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_codecs_jp.so
m _codecs_kr /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_codecs_kr.so
m _codecs_tw /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_codecs_tw.so
m _functools /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_functools.so
m _locale /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_locale.so
m _multibytecodec /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_multibytecodec.so
m _sre
m _strptime /usr/lib/python2.6/_strptime.py
m _struct /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_struct.so
m _warnings
m abc
m array /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/array.so
m base64
m binascii /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/binascii.so
m bz2 /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/bz2.so
m cStringIO /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/cStringIO.so
m calendar /usr/lib/python2.6/calendar.py
m codecs
m copy
m copy_reg
m cx_Freeze__init__ /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/cx_Freeze/initscripts/Console.py
m datetime /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/datetime.so
m dummy_thread /usr/lib/python2.6/dummy_thread.py
P encodings
m encodings.aliases
m encodings.ascii
m encodings.base64_codec
m encodings.big5
m encodings.big5hkscs
m encodings.bz2_codec
m encodings.charmap
m encodings.cp037
m encodings.cp1006
m encodings.cp1026
m encodings.cp1140
m encodings.cp1250
m encodings.cp1251
m encodings.cp1252
m encodings.cp1253
m encodings.cp1254
m encodings.cp1255
m encodings.cp1256
m encodings.cp1257
m encodings.cp1258
m encodings.cp424
m encodings.cp437
m encodings.cp500
m encodings.cp737
m encodings.cp775
m encodings.cp850
m encodings.cp852
m encodings.cp855
m encodings.cp856
m encodings.cp857
m encodings.cp860
m encodings.cp861
m encodings.cp862
m encodings.cp863
m encodings.cp864
m encodings.cp865
m encodings.cp866
m encodings.cp869
m encodings.cp874
m encodings.cp875
m encodings.cp932
m encodings.cp949
m encodings.cp950
m encodings.euc_jis_2004
m encodings.euc_jisx0213
m encodings.euc_jp
m encodings.euc_kr
m encodings.gb18030
m encodings.gb2312
m encodings.gbk
m encodings.hex_codec
m encodings.hp_roman8
m encodings.hz
m encodings.idna
m encodings.iso2022_jp
m encodings.iso2022_jp_1
m encodings.iso2022_jp_2
m encodings.iso2022_jp_2004
m encodings.iso2022_jp_3
m encodings.iso2022_jp_ext
m encodings.iso2022_kr
m encodings.iso8859_1
m encodings.iso8859_10
m encodings.iso8859_11
m encodings.iso8859_13
m encodings.iso8859_14
m encodings.iso8859_15
m encodings.iso8859_16
m encodings.iso8859_2
m encodings.iso8859_3
m encodings.iso8859_4
m encodings.iso8859_5
m encodings.iso8859_6
m encodings.iso8859_7
m encodings.iso8859_8
m encodings.iso8859_9
m encodings.johab
m encodings.koi8_r
m encodings.koi8_u
m encodings.latin_1
m encodings.mac_arabic
m encodings.mac_centeuro
m encodings.mac_croatian
m encodings.mac_cyrillic
m encodings.mac_farsi
m encodings.mac_greek
m encodings.mac_iceland
m encodings.mac_latin2
m encodings.mac_roman
m encodings.mac_romanian
m encodings.mac_turkish
m encodings.mbcs
m encodings.palmos
m encodings.ptcp154
m encodings.punycode
m encodings.quopri_codec
m encodings.raw_unicode_escape
m encodings.rot_13
m encodings.shift_jis
m encodings.shift_jis_2004
m encodings.shift_jisx0213
m encodings.string_escape
m encodings.tis_620
m encodings.undefined
m encodings.unicode_escape
m encodings.unicode_internal
m encodings.utf_16
m encodings.utf_16_be
m encodings.utf_16_le
m encodings.utf_32
m encodings.utf_32_be
m encodings.utf_32_le
m encodings.utf_7
m encodings.utf_8
m encodings.utf_8_sig
m encodings.uu_codec
m encodings.zlib_codec
m errno
m functools /usr/lib/python2.6/functools.py
m genericpath
m gettext /usr/lib/python2.6/gettext.py
m imp
m itertools /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/itertools.so
m linecache
m locale /usr/lib/python2.6/locale.py
m operator /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/operator.so
m optparse /usr/lib/python2.6/optparse.py
m os
m posix
m posixpath
m pwd
m quopri
m re /usr/lib/python2.6/re.py
m repr
m sre_compile /usr/lib/python2.6/sre_compile.py
m sre_constants /usr/lib/python2.6/sre_constants.py
m sre_parse /usr/lib/python2.6/sre_parse.py
m stat
m string /usr/lib/python2.6/string.py
m stringprep
m strop /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/strop.so
m struct
m sys
m textwrap /usr/lib/python2.6/textwrap.py
m thread
m time /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/time.so
m token /usr/lib/python2.6/token.py
m tokenize /usr/lib/python2.6/tokenize.py
m traceback
m types
m unicodedata /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/unicodedata.so
m warnings
m zipimport
m zlib /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/zlib.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_codecs_cn.so -> /home/claudio/dist/_codecs_cn.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_codecs_hk.so -> /home/claudio/dist/_codecs_hk.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_codecs_iso2022.so -> /home/claudio/dist/_codecs_iso2022.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_codecs_jp.so -> /home/claudio/dist/_codecs_jp.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_codecs_kr.so -> /home/claudio/dist/_codecs_kr.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_codecs_tw.so -> /home/claudio/dist/_codecs_tw.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_functools.so -> /home/claudio/dist/_functools.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_locale.so -> /home/claudio/dist/_locale.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_multibytecodec.so -> /home/claudio/dist/_multibytecodec.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_struct.so -> /home/claudio/dist/_struct.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/array.so -> /home/claudio/dist/array.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/binascii.so -> /home/claudio/dist/binascii.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/bz2.so -> /home/claudio/dist/bz2.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/cStringIO.so -> /home/claudio/dist/cStringIO.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/datetime.so -> /home/claudio/dist/datetime.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/itertools.so -> /home/claudio/dist/itertools.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/operator.so -> /home/claudio/dist/operator.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/strop.so -> /home/claudio/dist/strop.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/time.so -> /home/claudio/dist/time.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/unicodedata.so -> /home/claudio/dist/unicodedata.so
copying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/zlib.so -> /home/claudio/dist/zlib.so
Note that with bigger projects you might get "Missing modules" errors. If you are sure they are installed, you can manually point them to cx_freeze using the --include-modules switch. See cxfreeze --help for the full help.
You can also make a setup.py file which makes "cxfreezing" resemble the way we usually install python packages, instead of doing it directly from the command line. This article even does that for a wxPython project, which might be similar to yours: A cx_Freeze Tutorial – Build a Binary Series!
1 Comment
Claudio
Did you find the answer useful @Tendou Kishi? Please consider voting it up if you did.. thanks!
Some projects that can help you do that are py2exe, cx_freeze and pyinstaller.
Do note that what they all do is not "compiling" in the classic sense. Rather, they can bundle the Python interpreter with all the libraries required for your program into a single executable.
1 Comment
絢瀬絵里
I think py2exe is out. www.py2exe.org says that py2exe is a Python Distutils extension which converts Python scripts into executable Windows programs, able to run without requiring a Python installation. What I need to make is Linux executable, not Windows. I'll try the other 2 tomorrow as it is late night in my time region.
I have no experience deploying applications on Linux - but can't you add dependencies when you package the software for apt-get? I install packages that bring in other libraries all the time. Seems like you could do this for wx.
