I have a function inside inside another and a third function. How can I call my nested function inside of my third function? Is there any special libraries I can use? I am not allowed to edit a() or b(), only c().
def a():
def b():
print("hi")
def c():
# code only here to call b() to print
When you do this, function b is defined locally within a. This means that it cannot be accessed by default outside of a. There are two main ways to solve this, but both involve modifying a:
The global keyword (not recommended)
def a():
global b
def b():
print("hi")
Here the global keyword sets b up as a global variable, so that you can then access it by calling it normally from within c. This is generally frowned upon.
Returning the function from a and passing it to c
def a():
def b():
print("hi")
return b
def c(b):
#your code
Then, when you call c, you should pass b to it, which a will have returned. You can either do so thus:
b = a()
c(b)
Or you can simply call a every time you call c, thus:
c(a())
If you choose to do this, you can then define c thus:
def c():
b = a()
#your code here
which would allow you to simply call c normally, thus:
`c()`
This is not possible due to the way that Python scope works. b() is local to a(), and so does not exist within c().
EDIT: commenter is correct, the suggestion I initially gave doesn't work -- so this definitely just isn't possible.
As explained here, you cannot directly call a function included inside another. But, you can play around a bit and make it indirectly possible.
You could try calling functions via arguments and parameter values to call the function you want inside another function.
def a(invoke=None):
def b():
print('b')
if invoke == 'b':
b()
def c():
a(invoke='b')
c()
The result is:
b
You can even pass arguments to these function if you want:
def a(invoke=None, a_parameter=None):
def b(b_parameter=None):
if b_parameter == None:
print('b')
if b_parameter == 'b1':
print('b1')
if b_parameter == 'b2':
print('b2')
if invoke == 'b':
b(b_parameter = a_parameter)
def c(parameter=None):
a(invoke='b', a_parameter = parameter)
c()
Result:
b
But:
c('b1')
Result:
b1