Malior's approach is perfectly fine, it's a typed approach. I'd like to mention an alternative way, using Linq and dynamic:
var jsonText="[{\"id_employe\":\"35\"},{\"id_employe\":\"80\"},"
+"{\"id_employe\":\"136\"},{\"id_employe\":\"140\"}]";
var objects = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<dynamic>>(jsonText);
var values = objects.Select(s=>s.id_employe).ToList();
Fiddle
This will create a list, so values contains the following elements:
35,80,136,140
Because it is dynamic, you don't need to declare an extra class.
Note that both approaches will throw a JsonReaderException if there is anything wrong with the JSON string (e.g. missing [ etc.). And if the property name isn't found it can throw a RuntimeBinderException - so you should use a try ... catch block.
dynamic.