Filter data using more than Javascript

Try and return your filtered array, avoid introducing side effects in your helper functions.

const data = [{
    "id": 2,
    "number": 50,
    "title": "ASD",
    "src": "https://cloudfour.com/examples/img-currentsrc/images/kitten-small.png"
  },
  {
    "id": 1,
    "number": 122,
    "title": "FGH",
    "src": "https://cloudfour.com/examples/img-currentsrc/images/kitten-small.png"
  }
]

const moreThan = (e) => {
  return data.filter(a => parseFloat(a.number) > parseFloat(e))
}

console.log(moreThan(40))
console.log(moreThan(120))

// fetchData(moreThan(40))

// Readabillity
const moreThanNum = (num,dataArray) => dataArray.filter(data => parseFloat(data.number) > parseFloat(num))

data.filter does not change original data. You should assign its results to another variable, then pass it to your fetchData function as a parameter.

// we rename data to originalData for example's purpose
const originalData = [
  {
    "id": 2,
    "number": 50,
    "title": "ASD",
    "src": "https://cloudfour.com/examples/img-currentsrc/images/kitten-small.png"
  },...
]

...

// we pass newData to your fetchData function
const more_than = (e) => {
  const newData = data.filter((a) => {
    return parseFloat(a.number) > parseFloat(e)
  })
  fetchData(newData)
}

// we pass data as a parameter
const fetchData = (data) => {
  info_container.innerHTML = "";
  data.forEach((item, index) => {
    const img = document.createElement("img");
    const title = document.createElement('h3')

    const node = document.createTextNode(item.src);
    const node_title = document.createTextNode(item.title)

    title.appendChild(node_title)
    img.src = item.src

    info_container.appendChild(title)
    info_container.appendChild(img);
  })
}

window.onload = function() {
  fetchData(originalData)
}

Create a new variable to pass the filtered data and render the UI based on that. By default pass the default data to the fetchData(). Once filtered then pass the filtered data to the fetchData().

Here's the updated plunk URL : http://embed.plnkr.co/oFe2WCIdwxIhlasS5H7O/

const data = [
  {
    "id": 2,
    "number": 50,
    "title": "ASD",
    "src": "https://cloudfour.com/examples/img-currentsrc/images/kitten-small.png"
  },
  {
    "id": 1,
    "number": 122,
    "title": "FGH",
    "src": "https://cloudfour.com/examples/img-currentsrc/images/kitten-small.png"
  }
]

var newData = [];

const info_container = document.querySelector('.info-container')

const more_than = (e) => {
  newData = data.filter((a) => {
    return parseFloat(a.number) > parseFloat(e)
  })
  console.log(newData)
  fetchData(newData)
}

const fetchData = (_data) => {
  info_container.innerHTML = "";
  _data.forEach((item, index) => {
  const img = document.createElement("img");
  const title = document.createElement('h3')

  const node = document.createTextNode(item.src);
  const node_title = document.createTextNode(item.title)

  title.appendChild(node_title)
  img.src = item.src

  info_container.appendChild(title)
  info_container.appendChild(img);

})
}
window.onload = function() {
  fetchData(data)
}

Your code is correct but you forgot that filter function doesn't mutate the data variable so you need to save the the new mutated output of filter and use it then.

  const data = [
      {
        "id": 2,
        "number": 50,
        "title": "ASD",
        "src": "https://cloudfour.com/examples/img-currentsrc/images/kitten-small.png"
      },
      {
        "id": 1,
        "number": 122,
        "title": "FGH",
        "src": "https://cloudfour.com/examples/img-currentsrc/images/kitten-small.png"
      }
    ]
    const info_container = document.querySelector('.info-container')

    const more_than = (e) => {
      let result = data.filter((a) => {
        return parseFloat(a.number) > parseFloat(e)
      })
      fetchData(result)
    }

    const fetchData = (result) => {
      info_container.innerHTML = "";
      if (!result) result = data;

      result.forEach((item, index) => {
        const img = document.createElement("img");
        const title = document.createElement('h3')

        const node = document.createTextNode(item.src);
        const node_title = document.createTextNode(item.title)

        title.appendChild(node_title)
        img.src = item.src

        info_container.appendChild(title)
        info_container.appendChild(img);

      })
    }
    window.onload = function () {
      fetchData()
    }
  

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <title>Page Title</title>
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
</head>

<body>

  <input oninput="more_than(value)" class="input-number" type="number">
  <div class="info-container">

  </div>
  
  </body>
  </html>