Send Audio data represent as numpy array from python to Javascript

Question

I have a TTS (text-to-speech) system that produces audio in numpy-array form whose data type is np.float32. This system is running in the backend and I want to transfer the data from the backend to the frontend to be played when a certain event happens.

The obvious solution for this problem is to write the audio data on disk as a wav file and then pass the path to the frontend to be played. This worked fine, but I don't want to do that for administrative reasons. I just want to transfer only the audio data (numpy array) to the frontend.

What I have done till now is the following:

backend

text = "Hello"
wav, sr = tts_model.synthesize(text)
data = {"snd", wav.tolist()}
flask_response = app.response_class(response=flask.json.dumps(data),
                                    status=200,
                                    mimetype='application/json' )
# then return flask_response

frontend

// gets wav from backend
let arrayData = new Float32Array(wav);
let blob = new Blob([ arrayData ]);
let url = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
let snd = new Audio(url);
snd.play()

That what I have done till now, but the JavaScript throws the following error:

Uncaught (in promise) DOMException: Failed to load because no supported source was found.

This is the gist of what I'm trying to do. I'm so sorry, you can't repreduce the error as you don't have the TTS system, so this is an audio file generated by it which you can use to see what I'm doing wrong.

Other things I tried:

Change the audio datatype to np.int8, np.int16 to be casted in the JavaScript by Int8Array() and int16Array() respectively.
tried different types when creating the blob such as {"type": "application/text;charset=utf-8;"} and {"type": "audio/ogg; codecs=opus;"}.

I have been struggling in this issue for so long, so any help is appriciated !!

from what I remember from tts, they send a base64 buf, have you tried to do so? — grodzi
– grodzi, Commented Dec 14, 2019 at 20:12
No, the data is returned in numpy, so do you know how to convert numpy to base64 buffer... I'll google that, but maybe you have a faster answer — Anwarvic
– Anwarvic, Commented Dec 14, 2019 at 20:15
I've tried it using base64.b64encode(wav). On the frontend, I used let snd = new Audio("data:base64," + path;); and it didn't work. I tried data:audio/ogg;base64," + path; and data:audio/wav;base64," + path; and they didn't work either. — Anwarvic
– Anwarvic, Commented Dec 14, 2019 at 20:39

Community · Accepted Answer · 2024-01-22 18:00:17Z

Convert wav array of values to bytes

Right after synthesis you can convert numpy array of wav to byte object then encode via base64.

import io
from scipy.io.wavfile import write

byte_io = io.BytesIO()
write(byte_io, sr, wav)
wav_bytes = byte_io.read()

audio_data = base64.b64encode(wav_bytes).decode('UTF-8')

This can be used directly to create html audio tag as source (with flask):

<audio controls src="data:audio/wav;base64, {{ audio_data }}"></audio>

So, all you need is to convert wav, sr to audio_data representing raw .wav file. And use as parameter of render_template for your flask app. (Solution without sending)

Or if you send audio_data, in .js file where you accept response, use audio_data to construct url (would be placed as src attribute like in html):

// get audio_data from response

let snd = new Audio("data:audio/wav;base64, " + audio_data);
snd.play()

because:

Audio(url) Return value: A new HTMLAudioElement object, configured to be used for playing back the audio from the file specified by url.The new object's preload property is set to auto and its src property is set to the specified URL or null if no URL is given. If a URL is specified, the browser begins to asynchronously load the media resource before returning the new object.

Anwarvic · Accepted Answer · 2019-12-15 06:27:39Z

Your sample as is does not work out of the box. (Does not play)

However with:

StarWars3.wav: OK. retrieved from cs.uic.edu
your sample encoded in PCM16 instead of PCM32: OK (check the wav metadata)

Flask

from flask import Flask, render_template, json
import base64

app = Flask(__name__)

with open("sample_16.wav", "rb") as binary_file:
    # Read the whole file at once
    data = binary_file.read()
    wav_file = base64.b64encode(data).decode('UTF-8')

@app.route('/wav')
def hello_world():
    data = {"snd": wav_file}
    res = app.response_class(response=json.dumps(data),
        status=200,
        mimetype='application/json')
    return res

@app.route('/')
def stat():
    return render_template('index.html')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug = True)

js


  <audio controls></audio>
  <script>
    ;(async _ => {
      const res = await fetch('/wav')
      let {snd: b64buf} = await res.json()
      document.querySelector('audio').src="data:audio/wav;base64, "+b64buf;
    })()
  </script>

Original Poster Edit

So, what I ended up doing before (using this solution) that solved my problem is to:

First, change the datatype from np.float32 to np.int16:

wav = (wav * np.iinfo(np.int16).max).astype(np.int16)

Write the numpy array into a temporary wav file using scipy.io.wavfile:

from scipy.io import wavfile
wavfile.write(".tmp.wav", sr, wav)

Read the bytes from the tmp file:

# read the bytes
with open(".tmp.wav", "rb") as fin:
    wav = fin.read()

Delete the temporary file

import os
os.remove(".tmp.wav")

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Send Audio data represent as numpy array from python to Javascript

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Convert wav array of values to bytes

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