Snowpark Python: how to loop over columns / execute code specific to column

First, let's setup your data so we can play with it:

create temp table all_animals as
with data as (
select split(value, '\t') x, x[0]::string animal, x[1]::string name
    , parse_json('{' || regexp_replace(x[2], '([a-z]+) key([0-9]): (value[0-9])', '"\\1_key\\2": "\\3"')  || '}') details
from table(split_to_table(
$$Lion  Georg   lion key1: value1, lion key2: value2
Tiger   John    tiger key1: value1, tiger key2: value2, tiger key3: value3
Lion    Patrick lion key1: value1, lion key2: value2
Tiger   Sam tiger key1: value1, tiger key2: value2, tiger key3: value3
Lion    Paul    lion key1: value1, lion key2: value2
Zebra   Sarah   zebra key1: value1$$
, '\n'))  
)
select * 
from data

Now let's create the tables where we will insert the data:

create temp table lions (name string, v1 string, v2 string);
create temp table tigers (name string, v1 string, v2 string, v3 string);

And now comes the answer to the question: Snowflake SQL supports conditional inserts, so we can insert each row into a different table with a different schema:

insert first
when animal='Lion' 
then into lions (name, v1, v2) values (name, details:lion_key1, details:lion_key2)
when animal='Tiger' 
then into tigers (name, v1, v2, v3) values (name, details:tiger_key1, details:tiger_key2, details:tiger_key3)
    
select *
from all_animals
;

As seen above, use INSERT WHEN to look at each row and decide into which table you'll insert them into, each with possibly a different schema.

For this solution you need to know the schema of each resulting table. If you don't know that, then we can explore in a different question how to create tables after exploring the keys to be flattened out of objects.